一种基于隐马尔科夫模型的雷达辐射源识别算法

针对现代雷达采用复杂的PRI样式不能对其进行准确识别的问题,提出一种基于隐马尔科夫模型的复杂体制雷达辐射源识别算法。该算法将具有复杂PRI样式辐射源识别问题转化为对具有分类特征的码序列的识别问题,通过运用符号动力学中符号时间序列分析(symbolic time series analysis)理论,将上述码序列识别问题建模为隐马尔科夫模型予以解决,实现了对具有PRI抖动、伪随机编码等复杂PRI调制样式雷达辐射源的准确识别。仿真结果证明算法在PRI值有部分重叠的情况下仍具有很好的识别能力。     

一种新的重频调制类型自动化识别方法

针对雷达重频调制类型模式识别中存在的问题,提出了一种可以自动化识别PRI调制类型的算法,易于工程化实现。该算法通过对脉冲序列提取特征向量完成调制类型的识别,并给出特征参数的描述。实验仿真和实际应用均表明该方法正确识别率高,可有效地识别PRI调制类型并输出特征参数。     

基于RBF-CBR技术的相控阵雷达识别方法

现有雷达识别技术对相控阵雷达的波束捷变、信号形式复杂等特点并不适应,造成识别率低、漏识别严重等问题。为此,讨论了脉内调制类型和点扫描特性参与分类识别的策略;设计了基于案例推理的相控阵雷达识别方法;提出了基于径向基函数案例索引方式的RBF-CBR识别模型。通过对比实验,验证了该模型具有良好的推理识别能力和较高的处理问题效率,为相控阵雷达识别提供了一个新的思路。     

一种基于关联脉冲对的动态直方图分选算法

针对现有分选算法在复杂电磁环境下准确性与效率降低的问题,提出了一种基于关联脉冲对的动态直方图分选方法。该方法首先对到达时间差进行固定箱长统计,将高于检测门限的相邻箱进行合并,得到动态直方图统计结果,估计出潜在PRI(pulse repetition interval)。对潜在PRI对应的关联脉冲对进行分析,剔除虚假PRI并估计出真实PRI的抖动量。最后,再依据PRI参数完成脉冲序列搜索,实现对雷达信号的分选。仿真实验表明,该方法在较低的到达时间差级数条件下,对多部复杂PRI调制信号的分选准确率达到95%,能够对复杂电磁环境下的雷达信号进行有效分选。     

基于TOA差值矩阵的雷达脉冲序列PRI识别方法

针对雷达脉冲序列的主要特点,利用TOA(脉冲到达时间)差值矩阵探索PRI(脉冲重复间隔)的识别问题.设计了一种新方法,首先由TOA序列求出TOA差值矩阵,再求出TOA差值矩阵的逆矩阵,分析TOA差值矩阵逆矩阵的特殊结构,得到PRI的识别结果.通过研究重频固定、脉冲丢失和重频参差三种情况下的PRI识别问题,说明了该方法用于雷达脉冲序列PRI识别的可行性.     

对相控阵雷达工作模式的资源调度研究

基于对相控阵雷达资源调度问题,针对相控阵雷达不同工作模式的资源分配进行了研究,并通过定量分析,得出了相控阵雷达对不同工作模式资源调度的差异。分析了对不同模式资源分配的变化情况,为下一步对相控阵雷达工作模式的识别提供了支撑与指导。     

随机PRI雷达的多普勒频率特性及相参处理

针对随机PRI雷达目标回波信号的脉冲多普勒频率特性,首先对随机PRI雷达非均匀采样频谱的周期性进行了分析,然后重点推导了随机PRI雷达最大不模糊频率的数学表达式;并进一步就该多普勒频率特性对随机PRI雷达相参处理带来的影响进行了讨论;最后,针对随机PRI雷达的相参处理问题,提出了一种基于IAA算法的随机PRI雷达MTD处理方法,该方法具有无多普勒模糊、低副瓣泄漏的特点。仿真实验验证了关于随机PRI雷达多普勒频率特性分析的正确性和基于IAA算法的随机PRI雷达MTD处理方法的有效性。     

基于改进扩展关联法的雷达辐射源信号分选算法

针对传统扩展关联分选法在分选时效率低、对复杂调制PRI信号分选性能差的问题,提出了一种基于扩展关联分选的改进算法。基于脉冲位置相关性建立对应三维向量矩阵,提高提取准PRI的准确性,同时提出"分步逐级"的策略,从而确保复杂调制PRI信号的分选性能。仿真结果表明该算法具有可行性,分选性能相较于传统基于PRI分选的方法有很大的提高。     

脉冲幅度特性分析的相控阵雷达识别技术

为有效识别相控阵雷达,提出了一种基于截获脉冲幅度特性分析的识别方法。该方法根据相控阵雷达与常规机械扫描雷达的扫描方式存在很大差异的特点,建立侦察设备截获脉冲的幅度模型,并通过仿真得到不同体制雷达被截获的脉冲幅度特性。然后求得不同体制雷达被截获的脉冲序列幅度特性与正弦序列幅度特性的相似系数,以此为依据来识别相控阵雷达。最后,通过比较实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

PRI周期性调制信号的TOA中点匹配分选算法

针对传统的雷达信号分选算法在当前高密度信号环境下进行分选时,存在实时性差、分选精度低、甚至无法分选的问题,提出了针对脉冲重复周期(PRI)周期性调制的分选算法。该算法首先在脉冲序列中点附近任意选取一点作为中心点,利用TOA中点匹配法依次比较并匹配左右两侧相邻脉冲间隔,从而提取出PRI值,然后经过PRI类型检测按照不同类别对脉冲进行提取。仿真结果表明,依据TOA中点匹配法分选PRI周期性调制信号的平均准确率在95%以上,平均漏选率低于7%,并且具备一定的抗噪和抗脉冲丢失能力。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.