一种基于航向估计的多平台纯方位目标转向机动检测算法

针对纯方位目标转向机动检测问题,提出一种基于航向估计的多平台纯方位目标机动检测算法。该算法通过选定假设机动点序列,解算假设机动点前后的两段目标运动要素,根据解算出的相邻段航向差序列变化来判别目标是否发生机动。基于Taylor级数要素解算模型,建立了两段运动要素联合解算模型和两段运动要素独立解算模型。通过对多种航路进行仿真计算,统计分析这两种解算模型下机动检测算法的虚警率、目标机动检测率、机动检测延迟时间以及机动时刻估计精度。仿真结果表明,两种解算模型下的机动检测算法能够有效地对转向机动目标进行机动检测。     

单平台纯方位信息的水面编队目标运动要素解算

基于实际背景需求,针对单平台纯方位水面编队目标运动要素解算问题,从可观测性、观测平台机动及解算模型三方面作了探讨.利用线性系统可观测理论,基于伪线性量测方程对编队目标运动要素的可观测性进行了研究,给出了可观测条件.以Fisher信息阵行列式为性能指标,探讨了观测平台最优机动的理论轨线和工程轨线形状.给出了3种编队目标运动要素解算模型,并进行了仿真比较分析.研究结论和仿真结果表明:水下单平台基于纯方位解算编队目标运动要素,自身必须作有效机动,可以采用单目标运动要素解算的最佳机动策略;提出的联合解算模型的效果显著好于已有的两种模型.     

基于方位和多普勒频移的目标机动检测方法研究

研究目标在机动前后均做匀速直线运动,在某一时刻做折线机动的机动目标跟踪检测问题。根据被动观测器测得目标方位和多普勒频移信息,结合方位、多普勒频移测量条件下目标跟踪的特点,建立了基于方位和多普勒频移的要素解算模型,提出了基于要素解算结果的机动检测方法,给出了机动时刻的估计算法,并进行了仿真计算,验证了此方法的有效性。     

基于灰色系统理论的目标方位估算及应用

针对潜艇作战过程中依据目标方位变化判断战场态势的军事需求,根据灰色系统理论,以实测目标方位序列为原始数据,建立GM(1,1)模型,深入挖掘其内在规律性,对目标方位序列的变化趋势进行科学分析,并估算未来时刻目标方位,用于战术态势判断、检验目标运动要素解算和战术绘算的准确性,以及干预目标运动要素解算,以期望利用有限的数据,获得最大限度的信息,为潜艇指挥员提供决策支持。     

基于方位-频率解算目标运动要素的航路选择

基于方位-频率解算目标运动要素解算方法可实现水下观测平台不机动解算目标运动要素,但接敌航路仍影响目标运动要素解算精度及平台隐蔽性。建立了方位-频率目标定位模型,通过仿真分析了不同初始目标舷角下,水下观测平台采用不同接敌航路情况下目标运动要素解算收敛速度和精度,并从保持水下观察平台隐蔽性的角度,探究了不同初始态势下应选择的航路。     

利用会聚区隐蔽解算目标运动要素的方法

在浅海,当被动声纳探测到目标后,由于舰艇间不断的运动,测得的目标方位随时间的不同而不断地发生变化,利用目标方位的变化,通过纯方位法和滤波估计等方法可解算出目标的运动要素.当声纳利用深海会聚区的声学效应在远距离上探测到目标时,因舰艇被动声纳在隐蔽条件下往往只能测得目标的方位,此时的目标方位随着时间的不同变化很小,难以利用浅海的解算方法求出目标的运动要素.为解决这一问题,基于对深海会聚区声学效应的分析,提出了利用会聚区宽度等特点,采用本舰艇合理机动的方式,来求解目标的运动要素的方法.通过对本舰艇各种可能机动方式的建模和计算机仿真计算的结果可见,该方法可行,且在第一、第二会聚区效果明显.     

声纳特征信息在潜艇信息综合处理中的应用研究

提出将声纳目标特征信息引入潜艇指控信息综合处理架构,通过分析声纳目标波束域信息特性及存在形式,提出了波束域特征辅助的信息融合、基于波束域信息中线谱、干涉结构的目标运动要素解算等技术,并通过实验室仿真计算和海上试验验证了算法的效能,解决了断续目标航迹融合、本艇不机动情况下的目标运动要素解算等问题,提高了多目标关联判断正确率,缩短了解算收敛时间,具备较强的工程可实现性。     

潜艇不机动纯方位解算编队目标运动要素方法

针对单艘潜艇纯方位目标定位必须潜艇机动才能使算法收敛的问题,首次采用几何分析法研究了潜艇不机动情况下,解算编队目标运动要素的方法;然后,基于最小二乘法,给出了具体的解算模型,并给定态势,进行实例仿真。证明该算法能够满足潜艇隐蔽对编队目标定位的需要,进一步丰富了潜艇纯方位目标定位方法。     

鱼雷纯方位攻击提前角优化分析

鱼雷纯方位攻击是潜艇因无法解算目标运动要素时,依靠方位变化对目标实施快速鱼雷攻击的一种方法。鱼雷命中概率是武器装备研究和作战使用研究的重要内容,也是鱼雷武器作战效能评估的主要依据。通过分析自导鱼雷纯方位攻击的使用过程,建立了相应的数学和仿真模型,并采用大样本仿真的方法,得出不同情况下鱼雷攻击提前角的最优解。     

仅方位条件下来袭鱼雷弹道预测方法研究

根据来袭鱼雷方位信息和来袭鱼雷运动要素之间的内在联系,建立了来袭鱼雷运动要素集合解算模型。为使该解算模型的理论值更贴合实际作战情况,提出了一种基于鱼雷射击原理的来袭鱼雷运动要素合理性判别方法。仿真分析表明:该方法实现了对来袭鱼雷弹道的预测,能为反鱼雷武器的使用提供参考和依据。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.