遥感数据处理任务调度的Petri网模型及求解算法

为了对多源遥感数据的处理任务进行有效的调度和管理,提高处理资源的利用率,根据遥感数据处理任务调度问题的特点,采用Petri网对该问题进行形式化描述,建立了遥感数据处理任务调度的数学模型,根据该问题的多目标特性,采用蚁群算法进行求解.给出仿真实例,将蚁群算法的求解结果与启发式算法和模拟退火算法的求解结果进行比较,验证算法...     

基于栅格分层的逐栅格汇流算法并行化研究

分布式水文模型中的逐栅格汇流算法计算量大,需要借助并行计算以满足大流域长历时模拟的要求。针对目前鲜有对基于隐式有限差分的逐栅格汇流算法进行并行计算研究的情况,基于栅格分层的思想提出一种适用于共享内存并行计算环境的逐栅格汇流并行算法。该算法首先根据流向进行栅格分层,使同一层中栅格的计算相互独立,然后将同一层中栅格的计算任务分配到多个计算单元并行计算。采用C++编程语言与OpenMP并行编程库实现了该算法,并选择河北省清水河流域为实验区,在不同数据规模(30m、90m、270m分辨率)、不同核数(2～20个)以及不同栅格分层方法的情况下对算法性能进行了测试。实验结果表明本文提出的并行算法具有较好的加速比和并行效率,且并行效率随数据规模的增大而增大。栅格分层方法对算法并行性能有明显影响,从上到下的分层方法比从下到上的方法具有更高的并行效率。     

一种基于回旋曲线的局部路径规划方法

基于回旋曲线路径模型的局部路径规划方法,将规划算法分为离线和在线两部分。离线计算通过建立轨迹空间与栅格单元映射关系获得搜索图,以文件形式存储。在线规划以局部环境地图栅格单元占有情况为依据,获得可行轨迹空间,然后采用A*搜索算法,获得最优局部路径。仿真实验表明,在障碍稀疏环境中,所提出的方法能够规划出局部路径,且规划耗时满足实时性运行需求;参数离散化导致所提出规划方法的完备性不足,对于复杂环境可能无法规划出可行路径。     

一种面向大型地理栅格数据的并行处理框架

随着高分辨率数据获取技术的发展,地理栅格数据的数据量不断增大,串行计算方式无法快速处理大型栅格数据,因此需要通过并行技术提高效率。传统开发过程将算法与进程调度、内存管理以及数据I/O混杂在一起的编程方式,对程序员要求较高,代码质量不易控制。本研究提出了一种面向大型地理栅格数据的并行处理框架,利用核心类的真实和虚拟两种读取方式,实现了大型数据的分步骤、分块的快速加载和写入,并将所有的并行任务调度、进程间的数据传输过程以及特定的栅格算法步骤归结为任务;通过该框架可以将算法本身与并行调度、磁盘I/O等底层操作分离,使算法编写者可以专注于算法本身,降低开发难度,提高代码质量,解决了快速编写大型地理栅格数据算法程序的目的。实验表明,本框架可实现较好的并行效果,并显著降低代码量、提高软件质量。     

栅格图矢量化技术中的细线追踪算法研究

细线追踪算法是栅格图矢量化技术中的重要环节,该算法实现了栅格图到矢量图的转变.矢量化过程主要包括彩图分层、曲线细化、细线追踪、后期编辑等若干步骤.介绍了矢量化前后的数据准备和数据处理过程,阐述了细线追踪算法的原理与实现方法,分析了追踪结果的优化问题.该算法在栅格地形图等高线矢量化的实际应用中效果良好.     

栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎

如今大规模地理数据正在社会各个部门和组织中迅速积累,但是由于部门利益和历史沿袭等原因,大规模地理数据共享仍然极具挑战,相应共享技术需求仍然极其旺盛。作为地理数据共享的基础方式之一,传统单机地理数据格式转换技术,一方面受限于磁盘读写及带宽瓶颈,另一方面面对日趋庞大的数据规模,已很难满足实际应用需求。因此提出一种针对栅格地理数据的并行格式转换引擎,采用高性能计算集群环境支持大规模栅格地理数据转换共享,大幅降低了大规模栅格地理数据转换过程的时间成本。栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎采用基于公共接口的设计理念,框架灵活、具有良好的扩展性,支持地理数据格式的读写自定义以及新数据格式添加,能够实现接入数据格式间的任意两两转换。为验证引擎框架及其处理效率,在Lustre并行集群环境下以格网数据交换格式(国家地理空间数据交换格式)向常见栅格地理格式的转换为示例进行了测试实验。结果表明,栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎能够在8个节点Lustre集群中达到7.54的良好并行加速比。     

栅格数据处理中邻域型算法的并行优化方法

随着并行计算的成熟,众多数据密集型的栅格处理算法亟需利用并行计算来缩减执行时间.针对其中一类邻域型算法,构建了用于估计是时间代价的串行/并行时域模型,分析了各个组成的代价影响因素,提出了降低数据I/O代价的并行I/O方法和降低数据通信代价的光圈预测方法.实验证明,所提的两个优化方法可以使邻域型栅格处理算法的并行程序更加充分地利用并行计算资源,进而在一般并行化的基础上进一步提升其并行性能.     

面向复杂任务集的任务调度算法

基于测控地检设备的显控软件需要同时处理测量解算、遥测帧解析、网络通信和遥测数据存储等多项任务。针对常规的任务调度算法无法适应设备显控软件复杂的任务集,提出了一种动态双优先级任务调度算法。算法在时间片轮转技术的基础上,综合考虑任务周期、相对截止期和剩余空闲时间3方面因素,对于硬实时和软实时周期任务提出不同的动态优先级计算策略,并针对引入剩余空闲时间导致的"颠簸"现象,提出一种抢占阈值的计算方法。理论分析和实测数据均证明该算法的优越性。     

一种基于BFS的数据链站点优化选址算法

针对数据链站点优化选址问题,综合考虑地理高程对电磁信号覆盖范围的影响以及特定标志点等因素,建立站点优化选址的整数规划模型。模型中采用栅格化的方法,降低模型的计算量,并提出一种基于广度优先搜素算法的数据链站点优化选址算法(DSOL)。通过典型案例对模型和DSOL算法进行验证,并将仿真结果与通过Lingo软件进行优化的结果进行对比,结果表明DSOL算法可以快速寻找数据链站点最优布设方案。     

基于空间谱估计的测向技术

利用空间谱估计测向技术可以实现对目标信号测向,其优异的测向性能受到理论界和工程界的极大重视,出现了许多各具特色的空间谱测向算法,主要对多重信号分类算法(MUSIC)、旋转不变子空间(ESPRIT)、最大似然算法(ML)这三种算法进行了测向性能的比较分析。首先介绍了空间谱估计的基本原理,然后构建了均匀线阵的阵列模型,对三种测向算法及其流程做了较详细的分析,最后从不同的信噪比、快拍数和阵元数三个方面进行了测向性能仿真,仿真结果显示:在算法的测向精度上,MUSIC算法和ML算法明显要优于ESPRIT算法,随着信噪比的提高、阵元数目的增多、快拍数的增加,三种算法的测向性能都随之得到改善。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.