多分辨率建模航空武器装备体系对抗效能评估

根据多分辨率建模的思想,分析航空武器装备体系对抗的特点,提出基于多分辨率建模的航空武器装备体系对抗效能评估模型框架,通过体系对抗过程物理特性的分析提炼数学描述方法,基于主动元建模技术建立从高分辨率实体仿真模型的仿真元模型,探讨了对仿真元模型进行基于马尔科夫链的串联聚合和基于元胞自动机的空间聚合方法,提出效能评估多维矢量空间指标体系,研究结果对我军航空武器装备效能评估以及作战论证都具有一定的指导意义和参考价值.     

多平台空间目标观测协同调度问题

针对空间目标观测的平台多样性、单次观测不确定性、任务层次优先性等现实问题,从多平台任务协同分配的角度,统一考虑夭基、地基固定、地基移动观测平台,建立面向空间目标应急观测异构平台预调度模型,基于STK和改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了仿真验证,为构建天地一体空间目标观测体系建立提供有益借鉴.     

基于灰色聚类理论的非合作目标交会效能评估

由于空间非合作目标航天器的特性不完全已知,将空间非合作目标视为灰色系统,利用灰色聚类理论评估交会效能。选择跟踪精度、预报精度、交会精度和交会窗口为评估指标,使用熵权法确定指标权重。考虑目标航天器变轨时刻和变轨加速度不同情况,分别仿真计算指标观测值,评估交会效能。仿真算例评估结果说明效能评估方法具有客观性和有效性。     

基于体系视角的赛博空间作战效能评估

分析了赛博空间及其体系特性,提出研究赛博空间作战效能评估需要重点关注对实体、体系仿真建模,对网络依赖等特殊行为建模,对体系整体能力的评估等几个问题。在体系视角下总结探讨了赛博空间作战效能评估的数学解析计算、基于历史数据和实验的统计评估、基于计算机仿真分析三种可行方法,提出了对赛博空间作战进行"对比式"效能评估的体系仿真试验方法,指出适用于赛博空间作战效能评估的指标体系是网状结构而非树状结构,复杂网络方法是能够有效解决这一问题的可行途径。     

临近空间平台系统效能评估及稳定性分析

从6个方面建立临近空间平台系统效能评估指标体系,构建灰色层次评估模型。针对数据获取不准确导致的评估结果不确定性,采用蒙特卡罗方法对评估结果开展稳定性分析。仿真结果表明,基于蒙特卡罗的评估与灰色层次评估结果一致,即采用灰色层次模型对临近空间平台系统效能评估结果是可信的,为临近空间平台系统效能评估提供一种合理方法。     

基于任务的中远程舰空导弹作战效能模型

为了有效评估中远程舰空导弹武器作战效能,提出了基于任务的作战效能度量方法和度量指标.根据空袭飞机对海反舰导弹攻击和舰空导弹对抗过程的分析,研究了中远程舰空导弹保卫点目标的效能,以此为基础,建立了中远程舰空导弹保卫多个海上目标时的作战效能模型,并对模型进行了仿真分析,验证了模型的合理性和有效性.     

基于IHHO-MCNN的反坦克雷场效能评估研究

针对反坦克雷场作战效能评估问题,提出了基于哈里斯鹰算法(HHO)优化蒙特卡洛神经网络(MCNN)的反坦克雷场作战效能评估方法。首先,介绍了IHHO算法和蒙特卡洛神经网络的基本原理和算法流程;然后,对反坦克雷场效能评估的主要影响因素进行分析,归纳总结了反坦克雷场的作战效能评估的指标体系;最后,构建了IHHO-MCNN神经网络评估模型。仿真实验结果表明,该模型可以有效对反坦克雷场进行效能评估。     

基于STAGE平台的转管武器效能仿真

为了分析高射速转管武器在不同战术环境下对典型目标的毁伤效能,开发研究了基于STAGE平台的转管武器效能评估系统。通过设定作战环境、武器系统技术参数、典型目标运行参数等技术指标,可以得到对该目标的毁伤概率,并通过三维实景仿真再现攻击过程。为了达到理想的毁伤效果,可以修改武器技术参数通过仿真实现对典型目标的毁伤效能,对武器平台的配置及武器平台下一步研发目标起到一定的参考。通过多种射频下对0-2 Ma的飞行目标进行拦截的模拟分析,验证了仿真模型可靠性。     

天基再入飞行器作战效能综合评估

通过天基再入飞行器(SRV)作战效能综合评估,定性和定量分析得出影响SRV作战效能的主要因素,为SRV总体设计提供参考和建议.在对SRV任务威胁和SRV与防御系统攻防对抗分析基础上,针对SRV自身特性,建立了SRV作战效能指标体系,应用作战效能多指标综合评估法建立了综合评估模型;根据SRV作战效能指标体系,依次建立了SRV任务可靠度模型、反应能力模型、机动能力指标模型,重点建立了突防能力、命中能力和毁伤能力指标的模型,进行了效能评估结果计算.最后对影响SRV作战效能的关键因素进行了分析,结果表明:缩减SRV的雷达反射截面积(RCS)有助于提高突防概率和增加作战效能;增大SRV速度则可以降低防御系统的拦截次数和拦截命中概率,从而提高其作战效能;提高SRV对目标的打击精度将提高其命中概率和作战效能.     

基于察打任务的无人机作战效能评估

首先根据时敏目标打击的特点,分析了察打任务模式下的察打一体无人机的作战使用。然后对评估体系中察打一体无人机的侦察能力与打击能力相关性进行了分析,同时将任务可执行度作为无人机效能评估的一项动态权衡标准,建立了基于察打任务的无人机效能评估模型,并基于效能指标体系建立了各分项模型。最后通过算例验证了模型的可行性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.