基于灰关联分析和粗糙集的通信电台识别方法

通信侦察过程积累了大量电台通信记录,对这些数据进行分析、推理,可以识别电台的数量、装载平台等,为了提高识别正确率,提出了基于灰关联分析和粗糙集的通信电台识别方法。首先,依据粗糙集理论将信息表划分等价类,得到电台航迹;再根据灰关联分析计算雷达航迹和电台航迹的灰关联度,最后按照最大灰关联度原则进行通信电台关联。实验结果表明该方法适用范围更广,在多个平台的运动轨迹交叉且在交叉时刻各有电台通联、同一平台上的多个电台在不同时间通联这两种情况下,均能较好地对电台进行关联。     

模糊聚类法改进异类传感器航迹关联北大核心

针对ESM与雷达的异类传感器航迹关联的准确性问题,提出了一种基于模糊聚类方法的异类传感器航迹关联算法。首先,将测得的航迹看作方位信息的时间序列,由不同航迹最终构成一个时间序列集合;再以当前时刻与历史时刻为模糊因子进行相似计算并得到模糊相似矩阵,并求得模糊等价矩阵;最后采用全局最优的判别准则确定航迹关联对,达到航迹关联的目的。仿真结果表明,基于模糊等价关系的异类传感器航迹关联算法能够有效提高ESM与雷达的航迹关联性能。     

模糊聚类法改进异类传感器航迹关联

针对ESM与雷达的异类传感器航迹关联的准确性问题,提出了一种基于模糊聚类方法的异类传感器航迹关联算法。首先,将测得的航迹看作方位信息的时间序列,由不同航迹最终构成一个时间序列集合;再以当前时刻与历史时刻为模糊因子进行相似计算并得到模糊相似矩阵,并求得模糊等价矩阵;最后采用全局最优的判别准则确定航迹关联对,达到航迹关联的目的。仿真结果表明,基于模糊等价关系的异类传感器航迹关联算法能够有效提高ESM与雷达的航迹关联性能。     

自适应航迹融合算法及其仿真

在简单融合算法和协方差加权融合算法的基础上给出一种自适应航迹融合算法,并对这一算法进行了仿真.首先根据已关联的多个传感器的航迹状态估计计算得到第一个距离测度S1,并与门限T1比较.若S1小于门限T1则融合节点将选择本地航迹估计作为全局航迹估计;否则计算距离测度S2.这里S2也是局部航迹状态估计的函数.若S2小于门限T2则判决融合节点执行简单融合算法;否则判决融合节点执行协方差加权航迹融合算法.这里门限值T1,和T2代表了系统对融合航迹质量的要求以及系统可用资源对融合算法的综合影响.仿真结果表明自适应融合算法能够根据融合系统不同时刻对融合质量的不同要求以及系统资源的变化来自适应地选择满足要求的融合算法,从而降低航迹融合算法的计算复杂度.     

一种新的多传感器航迹关联算法

提出一种基于多传感器航迹的关联算法.首先根据雷达和目标球极投影后的几何位置关系,利用三角形的几何性质分别建立两个航迹关联函数,并利用加权思想进一步建立相似度函数;在此基础上,利用一阶泰勒展式对航迹关联函数理论分析获得航迹粗关联门限;然后依次通过粗关联和精关联实现航迹关联.仿真结果表明了该算法的时效性和稳定性.     

大时空差条件下高超声速目标检测关联算法

针对临近空间高超声速目标因产生等离子体鞘套导致航迹中断的问题,提出了一种大时空差条件下的目标检测与航迹关联算法。在三维空间中将量测点坐标变换为径向距离-时间坐标,后通过Hough变换进行非相参积累,设置低门限提取分航迹。根据分航迹间的时间、速度、方位角多信息融合,关联属于同一条真实航迹的分航迹并输出最终航迹。仿真结果表明,算法具备对多个高超声速目标中断航迹检测关联的能力,具有一定的工程实践意义。     

基于随机集的传感器网络多目标航迹跟踪研究

针对利用有限集统计理论对声学WSN下的多目标跟踪时,无法实现前后两个时刻目标状态的关联问题,利用最近邻方法和粒子标签法对WSN多目标的航迹跟踪问题进行了研究。仿真结果表明,两种算法都能够有效实现对多个目标航迹的跟踪;另外,粒子标签方法进行多目标跟踪时能够同时实现对多目标状态的估计和对多目标航迹的跟踪。     

密集目标有偏航迹整体匹配关联方法

针对密集目标和传感器探测存在较大系统偏差的复杂条件下的分布式融合中航迹关联问题,设计了一种整体匹配航迹关联方法,首先将所有航迹划分成若干个关联聚,对各传感器都有多个目标航迹的关联聚采用多目标点图整体匹配,对某传感器只有单目标航迹的关联聚采用航迹段整体匹配,从而获得关联聚内所有航迹的关联关系。在仿真分析中,随机产生态势,分别计算新算法在不同情形下的漏关联、正确关联率、错误关联率。仿真验证结果表明该算法在不同目标密集程度、系统误差情形下都有较好的适应性。     

分布式2D雷达网的航迹关联方法

针对分布式2D雷达网由于缺乏高度信息而不能对空中目标进行航迹关联的问题,研究了一种2D与2D雷达航迹关联算法。首先,利用雷达和目标之间的几何特性将来自两异地雷达的航迹有效地统一起来,建立航迹关联函数;然后,对关联函数进行一阶泰勒展开,得到关联函数与雷达量测噪声的线性关系,并根据雷达量测噪声的置信区间得到关联门限;最后,在航迹粗关联的基础上建立基于历史信息的关联代价矩阵,利用匈牙利算法对代价矩阵进行航迹最优分配,实现航迹精关联。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效解决分布式2D雷达网对空中目标的航迹关联问题,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

信息融合中的态势关联方法研究

在研究了态势目标航迹关联特点的基础上 ,建立了航迹预测和样条拟合关联模型 .该关联模型首先将前后两段航迹进行预测 ,然后进行样条拟合关联检验 ,从而实现了多目标环境中中断目标态势的关联判断 .经仿真计算 ,此关联模型是可行实用的     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.