区域目标搜索中基于改进RRT的UAV实时航迹规划

在线自主航迹规划是无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,UAV)执行区域目标搜索任务的有效保证.针对UAV区域搜索中航迹规划的实时性要求,提出了一种固定搜索模式和动态搜索模式相结合的UAV自主航迹规划框架.在快速扩展随机树(RRT)方法的基础上,通过改进随机扩展树的节点选择和引入启发式信息,提出了基于改进RRT的UAV实时搜索航迹规划算法,该算法能够有效降低在线航迹规划的时间代价和扩展节点数.仿真实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于买卖合同策略与PSO算法的异构UAV任务分配规划方法

针对PSO算法在初始化异构UAV协同任务分配效率不高、任务分配不均的问题,将PSO算法与买卖合同策略结合起来,运用买卖合同策略来调整PSO算法对异构UAV协同任务的初始分配,同时充分发挥PSO算法对多目标优化具有收敛速度快、寻优精度高等优势,有效解决了异构UAV对多类型任务规划的最优分配。仿真结果表明:该方法在保证任务分配合理的同时,能够有效解决多约束条件下异构UAV协同任务分配规划优化问题。     

基于满意决策的多UAV协同目标分配方法

目标分配是UAV自主控制的重要问题。提出了基于满意决策的多UAV协同的目标分配技术,为解决多UAV协同的目标分配问题和多机场起飞的UAV编队配置问题提供了一种新颖而有效的方法。重点对其中的满意集计算、联合满意度、拒绝度和选择度的建立和计算等关键问题进行了讨论。以压制敌防空火力任务为背景对该方法进行了仿真,并将本文提出的方法和其他方法做了比较,仿真结果表明基于满意决策的多UAV协同的目标分配方法在效率上有明显优势。     

基于改进ACO算法的多UAV协同航路规划

针对无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)在执行任务过程中遇到的诸如敌方防空火力、地形障碍及恶略天气等各类威胁源,采用威胁源概率分布的方法进行威胁的量化处理,构建任务空间的威胁概率密度分布图,有效消除了威胁源的差异性。根据UAV在任务飞行过程中的性能约束与时、空协同约束,同时考虑任务过程中UAV的损毁概率最小、任务航程最短,构建了相应的综合任务航路代价最优化目标函数。结合传统蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization,ACO)在解决此类问题中的不足,给出了相应的改进策略,提出采用协同多种群ACO进化策略来实现多UAV在满足时、空协同约束下的协同航路规划。通过相应的仿真计算表明,改进后的ACO协同多种群进化策略算法更适用于多UAV协同任务航路规划问题,具有一定的实用性。从而为多UAV协同任务航路规划问题的求解提供了科学的决策依据。     

多目标传感器协同探测的资源优化问题

针对反导作战传感器任务规划问题,提出了一种对多目标任务分解的传感器协同探测任务规划方法。首先将整个预警任务分解为元任务,并以分解的元任务为核心,建立基于元任务的任务规划模型,在此基础上,以探测收益为代价函数,分析任务规划模型及算法流程。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅保持了较高的元任务加权探测收益值,而且能够给出较为合理的任务规划方案。     

多UAV协同区域覆盖侦察方法

针对多UAV对未知区域的协同覆盖侦察问题,提出了将STC算法与在线局部调整策略相结合的区域覆盖侦察方法.通过建立无重叠覆盖区域的闭合路径,最小化了重复侦察区域,缩短了任务执行时间;通过在线局部调整保证了只要有一架UAV不出现故障,侦察任务就可以正常进行.仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效解决多UAV协同区域覆盖侦察问题,方法...     

基于分合粒子群算法的多无人机任务重分配

多UAV在执行任务过程中,战场环境以及UAV编队状态的改变将导致原有的分配计划失效或效率降低,因此有必要重新分配任务。针对多无人机任务重分配问题,首先建立了相应的数学模型。其次运用分组基础上的任务重分配策略进行任务分配,提出了改进的K均值聚类算法进行初步分组,再在分组的基础下,提出了分合粒子群优化算法进行组内任务分配。最后进行实验仿真。实验结果与分析表明基于分合粒子群算法的任务重分配方法能有效地满足多变的战场环境要求。     

超算环境科学工作流应用的容错

超算环境中科学工作流技术广泛应用于科学研究和工程仿真领域。复杂多物理过程数值模拟、多阶段数据处理等应用往往需要使用多种应用软件相互协作,构建业务流程自动执行来提升工作效率。然而在超算环境中执行科学工作流应用面临着资源失效、任务配置错误等异常情况,造成工作流执行中断,严重影响完成效率,故容错功能对超算工作流应用的稳定持续运行有重要意义。介绍了科学工作流的容错设计分类,并对典型工作流系统的容错设计进行分析评述;提出了基于决策树的事件-条件-动作容错模型,设计了非侵入式可扩展的容错架构,并针对自主研发的部署在超算环境下的科学工作流应用平台HSWAP,实现了运行时可配置的容错策略。在实际的工程仿真任务中,基于所提出模型和架构实现的容错机制为提高工作流执行效率发挥了重要作用。     

多UCAV协同任务规划的层次分解方法

针对多UCAV协同作战的控制决策问题,从任务、空域和时域三个角度阐述了多UCAV协同任务规划问题的层次特性,提出了多UCAV协同任务规划的分层迭代逻辑流程.基于该分层迭代逻辑流程,完成了多UCAV协同任务规划原型系统的开发工作,并进行了初步的综合仿真验证.仿真结果表明,所提出的分层迭代逻辑流程,可以降低任务规划问题的复杂度,是实现多UCAV协同任务规划的一种有效方法.     

基于空间发射的远程交会路径规划

研究了空间平台发射追踪器的相关技术和组合机动路径规划策略。首先对空间发射方式、发射窗口和发射初始姿态需求进行了系统分析,选择了合理的发射方式,提出了发射方案设计策略。针对空间平台发射追踪器实现与目标远程交会的组合机动问题,进行了基于投放发射的空间交会任务分析。建立了非线性多冲量推进最优变轨数学模型,以及基于空间发射的多约束多参数组合机动路径规划模型。设计了遗传算法+序列二次规划串行混合求解策略进行求解,并对发射方案和参数选择的必要性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,本方法能够有效实现基于空间发射的远程交会任务设计及组合机动路径规划。研究结果为空间发射任务和组合机动路径规划提供了有价值的参考。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.