低合金船体钢点蚀敏感性的研究

通过极化试验比较了4种含有不同合金元素的低合金钢的点蚀诱发敏感性,并用电子探针对钢中的主要夹杂物及点蚀诱发后的腐蚀形态作了鉴定.结果表明:镍-铬系钢比锰系钢具有更好的耐点蚀性能;点蚀总是从夹杂物与周围钢基体毗邻的界面处开始诱发;含有硫化物的复相夹杂对点蚀的敏感性更强.     

碳钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的规律和特性研究

选用5种低碳钢,通过浸泡试验、显微腐蚀试验和极化试验,考察了碳钢在3%NaCl(质量分数,下同)溶液中夹杂物诱发点蚀的规律和特点.结果表明:样品刚浸入溶液时其最初电位高于点蚀电位,钢中一些夹杂物活化,先诱发点蚀;局部活化使钢样的电位迅速下降,当降至点蚀电位之下,未发生点蚀或未充分诱发点蚀的夹杂物受到保护,不再活化;在阳极极化试验中,当钢样的电位极化到点蚀电位或点蚀电位以上,钢中的夹杂物几乎都会活化而诱发点蚀.     

夹杂物对有机涂层下碳钢腐蚀初期过程的影响

选择两种具有典型夹杂物的碳钢,通过浸泡试验,研究有机涂层下碳钢的腐蚀初期过程,并和裸钢的腐蚀过程进行对比．结果表明：涂层试样和裸钢试样腐蚀发展的初期过程都是点蚀;涂层试样点蚀诱发孕育期大大长于裸钢试样;点蚀的主要诱发源是钢中的硫化物和硅酸盐;硫化物夹杂物诱发点蚀及点蚀的扩展主要沿夹杂物与基体间的相界进行．     

低碳钢中硫化物夹杂物诱发点蚀的机理

选择两种具有典型硫化物夹杂物的碳钢,通过显微腐蚀试验、浸泡试验及带有显微跟踪观察的极化试验考察了点蚀发生的初始过程,结合金相和扫描电镜电子探针分析,提出了碳钢中硫化物夹杂物诱发点蚀的机理。     

试验面选取对碳钢点蚀电位测量的影响

采用金相分析技术和准稳态极化试验研究了试样试验面选取对碳钢点蚀电位测量的影响.结果表明,当不同试验面的夹杂物形态有很大差异时,测得的点蚀电位有较明显的差异.     

两种新型试验用钢疲劳寿命差异的实验研究

选用两种新型试验用钢,分析测定了它们的化学成分、金相组织特征及夹杂物分布形态;通过高频疲劳测定试验比较了它们之间疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:对同种钢而言,缺口系数对疲劳寿命的影响非常大,缺口系数越大,疲劳寿命越小;不同钢之间的疲劳寿命的差异取决于钢中的化学成分及钢中夹杂物,合理地提高材料的合金元素,有效地改善材料的化学成分的配比及适当的热处理工艺可以明显提高材料的强度极限;纯净的钢质量及合理的高强度是提高钢的疲劳寿命的最合理、有效的手段。     

浅谈钢中气体的来源、影响及去除

钢中除了含有各种合金元素及常规元素(碳、锰、硫、磷、硅等)外,还有微量气体(氢、氮和氧)及夹杂物。由于氧在炼钢中还与其他元素结合成各种类型的氧化物,存在于钢中成为非金属夹杂物,所以钢中的气体通常是指溶解在钢中的氢和氮,钢中氢和氮虽然含量不高,但对钢质量有极大的影响,往往是引起钢材报废的重要因素。一、钢中气体的来源钢中气体含量多少主要决定于气体在钢中的溶解度,而气体在钢中的溶解度又决定     

HDR双相不锈钢管轴向与径向组织差异性对耐蚀性影响

为研究HDR双相不锈钢轴向和径向组织差异性对耐蚀性的影响，基于HDR双相不锈钢管材同时具有铁素体相和奥氏体相的特点，利用金相观察和能谱分析技术，研究了模拟海水浸泡和电化学试验后轴向和径向试样组织耐蚀性差异。研究发现：轴向组织晶粒大于径向组织晶粒、夹杂物均在铁素体相及其边界处，轴向组织比径向组织先发生腐蚀，径向组织耐蚀性比轴向好；轴向自腐蚀电位、钝化膜击破电位均小于径向，且轴向蚀坑深度大于径向；轴向严重腐蚀区域生成两层富Cl贫Cr腐蚀产物膜，且外层腐蚀产物膜氧含量比内层膜高。     

恒电量微扰法研究在含Cl-介质Ce3+对航空铝材的缓蚀作用

本文用恒电量微扰法研究了Ce3+对铝合金在0．1mol·L-1NaCl介质中的缓蚀机理及抗孔蚀性。结果表明：铝合金孔蚀诱导过程及其表面形成林转化膜过程具有相同的电化学模式,电化学腐蚀速度控制步骤取决于钝化膜（转化膜）／溶液界面过程。Ce3+对铝合金孔蚀的诱导期和发展期均有抑制作用,形成铈转化膜后,铝基表面阻抗大大提高,耐孔蚀性增强。     

回归再时效7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的点蚀性能

采用腐蚀电化学的点蚀极化曲线并结合腐蚀形貌的扫描电镜分析的方法,研究了回归再时效(RRA)工艺处理7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的点蚀行为,对其耐点蚀性能进行了评价,并探讨了RRA工艺改善该合金点蚀性能的机理。结果表明:采用120RRA工艺(120℃×24h预时效+195℃×0.5h回归+120℃×24h再时效)处理后,7A60铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线闭合环面积减小,再钝化电流密度Ipp降低,蚀孔较浅,RRA工艺在一定程度上改善了该铝合金在0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的耐点蚀性能。     

酸性条件下几种锅炉炉管钢腐蚀性能分析

研究了几种锅炉炉管钢在 p H=3的 H2 SO4 溶液中腐蚀速率的差异 .电化学测试结果表明 :炉管钢的腐蚀速率与钢中合金元素的种类和含量有一定关系 ;含铬、钼量较高的钢种腐蚀速率较低 .由此可见 ,铬元素是抑制炉管钢在酸性介质中发生腐蚀的最主要的合金元素 ,其他元素如钼、镍等对炉管钢的腐蚀性能也有重要影响     

Effect of welding processes and consumables on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade quenched and tempered steel joints

Quenched and Tempered (Q&T) steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non-stainless steel base metal is not economical. Hence, alternate consumables for welding Q&T steels and their vulnerability to HIC need to be explored. Recent studies proved that low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables can be used to weld Q&T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits. The use of ASS and LHF consumables will lead to distinct microstructures in their respective welds. This microstructural heterogeneity will have a drastic influence in the fatigue crack growth resistance of armour grade Q&T steel welds. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables and welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade Q&T Steel joints. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) were used for fabrication of joints using ASS and LHF consumables. The joints fabricated by SMAW process using LHF consumable exhibited superior fatigue crack growth resistance than all other joints.     

Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of gas tungsten arc welded super austenitic stainless steel joints

Super 304 H austenitic stainless steel with 3% of copper posses excellent creep strength and corrosion resistance, which is mainly used in heat exchanger tubing of the boiler. Heat exchangers are used in nuclear power plants and marine vehicles which are intended to operate in chloride rich offshore environment. Chloride stress corrosion cracking is the most likely life limiting failure with austenitic stainless steel tubing. Welding may worsen the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the material. Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Super 304 H parent metal and gas tungsten arc(GTA) welded joints were studied by constant load tests in 45% boiling Mg Cl2 solution. Stress corrosion cracking resistance of Super 304 H stainless steel was deteriorated by GTA welding due to the formation of susceptible microstructure in the HAZ of the weld joint and the residual stresses. The mechanism of cracking was found to be anodic path cracking, with transgranular nature of crack propagation. Linear relationships were derived to predict the time to failure by extrapolating the rate of steady state elongation.     

Pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of stainless steel overlay by friction surfacing on high strength low alloy steel

Surface modification is essential for improving the service properties of components. Cladding is one of the most widely employed methods of surface modification. Friction surfacing is a candidate process for depositing the corrosion resistant coatings. Being a solid state process, it offers several advantages over conventional fusion based surfacing process. The aim of this work is to identify the relationship between the input variables and the process response and develop the predictive models that can be used in the design of new friction surfacing applications. In the current work, austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 was friction surfaced on high strength low alloy steel substrate. Friction surfacing parameters,such as mechtrode rotational speed, feed rate of substrate and axial force on mechtrode, play a major role in determining the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength of friction surfaced coatings. Friction surfaced coating and base metal were tested for pitting corrosion by potentiodynamic polarization technique. Coating microstructure was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Coatings in the as deposited condition exhibited strain-induced martensite in austenitic matrix. Pitting resistance of surfaced coatings was found to be much lower than that of mechtrode material and superior to that of substrate. A central composite design with three factors(mechtrode rotational speed, substrate traverse speed, axial load on mechtrode) and five levels was chosen to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface methodology was used to develop the model. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model to predict the pitting corrosion resistance and bond strength by incorporating the friction surfacing process parameters.     

新型弹簧钢 33SiMnB 的研制

本文报导了一种新研制的钢种33SiMnB,用这一碳含量远低于传统弹簧钢(如60Si_2Mn)的新弹簧钢33SiMnB制造的载重汽车板簧、铁路轨枕弹条等弹性制件,不但综合力学性能优于传统弹簧钢制成的相同制件,而且在冶金厂的钢材生产过程和机械厂的制簧生产过程中都显出成品率高、能耗率低等诸多优点。     

炸药装药在压剪加载下的起爆特点

进行了两类压剪加载实验：（１）利用石英的平面正碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,采用电磁质速法测试装药试件内部不同质点的运动情况,分析炸药装药中发生化学反应的可能性;（２）在压剪炮上采用平行倾斜碰撞产生压剪加载的实验,观测炸药装药爆炸的可能性。由实验可以看出：在亚爆轰状态的压缩加载应力条件下,剪切的联合作用对炸药的起爆起到敏化作用,适当比例的压剪加载造成更加敏感的炸药起爆响应。文中给出了起爆响应规律和响应机制的实验分析。