Accounting for army recruitment: White and non-white soldiers and the British Army

A statistically based enquiry into recruitment into the British Army over the period 1987-2000 shows that two factors tend to induce young men to enlist: high levels of unemployment in the civilian sector and positive signals from the authorities that the Army is in a recruiting phase. The same result obtains, broadly speaking, in the context of both white and non-white (ethnic minority) recruitment, although the willingness of ethnic minority young men to contemplate an Army career is only about a quarter of that of white men, other things being equal. Correspondingly, the Army shows no signs of reaching the target agreed with the Commission for Racial Equality in 1997 for a 1 percentage point increase annually in the percentage of recruits being drawn from the ethnic minorities. This article has something to say about how the Army might improve its performance in this regard by offering more in-service training and education to otherwise underqualified recruits and concentrating recruitment effort on regions of high ethnic minority unemployment.     

Why Pakistan failed: tribal focoism in Kashmir

The classical repertoire of insurgency types is under-specified, and does not apply well to the case of Pakistan's conduct of insurgency in Kashmir. Pakistan's approach to insurgency has been a consistent tribal variant of focoism, in which there is a reliance on imported itinerant insurgents to conduct raids to stimulate an uprising. This has its basis in the traditional warfare of the region, learned US insurgency doctrine in the 1960s, and an historical disregard for subject populations, which has led to an aversion to fostering grass-roots political movements.     

Country survey IV: Pakistan

This paper examines the role of the military in Pakistan, particularly in regard to civil‐military relations and defence industrialisation. Pakistan's military expenditure is relatively high, but apart from investment multipliers, little of this spending filters through to the civil sector. Pakistan's defence‐industrial strategy centres on rebuild and Chinese technological collaboration. However, while this ‘capital‐saving’ approach has merit, the strategy has thus far failed to stimulate broader civil development linkages. A conclusion of this paper is that Pakistan is failing to maximise the strategic dual‐use benefits of integrating civil‐military activity.     

公安现役院校英语学习环境的调查与思考

学习环境对于语言学习者至关重要,就外部环境和内部环境相互关系而言,外部环境影响人的学习态度和认知过程,内部环境控制外部环境的影响力。这些因素无疑能促进英语学习,但也可能在某种程度上阻碍英语学习的进步。在对几所公安现役部队院校的英语学习环境调查后发现,英语学习环境不容乐观,还有很多急需改进之处,应引起有关方面的重视。     

The Morale Maze: the German Army in Late 1918

The state of the German Army’s morale in 1918 is central to our understanding not only of the outcome of World War I, but also of the German Revolution and, indeed, through the pernicious ‘stab-in-the-back-myth’, on Weimar politics and the rise of the Nazis, too. This article presents new evidence from the German archives, blended with statistical analysis, to show that the morale of some units held up better than previously thought almost to the end, and thus to suggest three things. First, it proposes that some historians have placed too much reliance on English-language sources alone, such as British Army intelligence reports, which have various flaws as evidence. Second, it argues that, while historians have increasingly moved away from generalisations about German morale, this process has further to run. Third, it suggests that no single tipping point can be identified, and that morale alone does not provide a sufficient explanation for battlefield defeat. Indeed, much of the data can only be explained if the tactical realities of the war in late 1918 are clearly understood.     

The Long and Winding Road: The US Army Managerial Approach to Command and the Adoption of Mission Command (Auftragstaktik)

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the adoption and adaptation process of mission command (Auftragstaktik) in the US Army. This concept, developed by the Prussians, denotes a decentralized command approach wherein superiors dictate their intent and allow subordinates to formulate their operational plans independently and change it according to the emerging situation. The paper examines the US command approach prior to the adoption of mission command. It argues that it was heavily influenced by corporate management practices which inherently contradict mission command approach. It continues and investigates how the US Army endeavored to emulate the approach in its doctrine and in major operations.

While it has officially incorporated mission command into its doctrine, it has been less successful in utilizing it in operational situations. This state of affairs has to do with the cultural legacy of the managerial approach to command that still persist. Despite the partial success, the US Army has recently reaffirmed its commitment to this approach.     

数字化部队装备维修保障业务流程再造研究

将业务流程再造的思想应用到数字化部队装备保障中,分析数字化部队装备保障业务流程再造的基础,阐述了再造过程中信息技术的运用要求,提出了再造的步骤,最后通过对现有装备修理业务流程的分析,对数字化部队修理业务流程进行了再造的设计构想。     

增强公安现役部队院校学员社会主义核心价值体系认同对策研究

社会主义核心价值体系决定着中国特色社会主义的发展方向,公安现役部队院校学员是公安现役部队的重要后备力量,经济转型期的阶层分化、多元文化和日益发展的网络文化对学员认同社会主义核心价值体系有不同程度的影响.应当在公安现役院校的思想政治教育中,把社会主义核心价值体系贯穿于两课教学的全过程,帮助学员在多元文化中提高辨别能力,探索运用网络进行思想政治教育的新途径、新机制.     

公安现役部队体能训练研究

现代高技术条件下的作战行动,对公安现役部队官兵的体能提出了更高、更严格的要求。从公安现役部队执行的多种作战任务角度出发,就公安现役部队体能训练的内容、原则及方法进行了探讨分析。     

军事新闻标题中的词汇运用特点刍议——以《解放军报》为例

军事新闻的报道对象与普通新闻相比有着很大的不同,其报道对象为与军事相关的事件,这类事件具有很强的专业性和特殊的敏感性。在军事新闻传播过程中,新闻标题起着关键作用。为了准确地反映和提示新闻的内容,吸引读者阅读,军事新闻标题中的词汇运用必然呈现出与普通新闻不同的特点。以中央军委机关报——《解放军报》为例,分析归纳军事新闻标题中的词汇运用特点有四个方面：大量使用军事术语,恰当使用略语,准确使用数字和谨慎使用新词、流行语。     

Target Analysis of Shining Path Insurgents in Peru: An Example of US Army Psychological Operations

This article analyzes the assumptions of US and Peruvian military personnel regarding insurgent susceptibilities to psychological operations in 1988. The discussion is based on both archival material and the experiences of the author, who was a member of the joint US-Peruvian team. The paper provides insight into the workings of US Army psychological operations as they were conducted in the 1980s and outlines both the strengths and weaknesses of the approach taken.     

Rethinking Stability in South Asia: India,Pakistan, and the Competition for Escalation Dominance

India and Pakistan are currently engaged in a competition for escalation dominance. While New Delhi is preparing for a limited conventional campaign against Pakistan, Islamabad is pursuing limited nuclear options to deter India. Together, these trends could increase the likelihood of nuclear conflict. India, for example, might conclude that it can launch an invasion without provoking a nuclear reprisal, while Pakistan might believe that it can employ nuclear weapons without triggering a nuclear exchange. Even if war can be avoided, these trends could eventually compel India to develop its own limited nuclear options in an effort to enhance deterrence and gain coercive leverage over Pakistan.     

美国陆军作战指挥系统

自海湾战争以来的局部战争,信息作战改变并主导了现代战场。描述了美陆军作战指挥系统及其支援系统、通信系统的组成、基本功能和发展前景。     

中国工农红军第28军的由来和发展

中国工农红军第28军,是"八七"会议后在鄂豫皖地区爆发的一系列工农武装起义所组建的多支革命武装基础上发展而来的。其主体部(分)队起源于1928年3月爆发的河南省固始县大荒坡起义和同年春建立的道超集游击分队,后来又有4支工农革命武装编入该部。红28军先后三次组建,在红25军长征后,独立坚持鄂豫皖边游击战争,抗日战争初期改编为新四军第4支队,现为中国人民解放军68202部队。     

败退台湾前国民党军化学兵的体制编制

九一八事变后,面对日军严重的化学战威胁,国民党军开始创建化学兵。这一新兴兵种此后经历了初创奠基、发展壮大和衰败溃散3个发展阶段。作为抗战准备的组成部分,国民党军组建军政部学兵队,开始培养化学兵军官。全国抗战爆发后,化学兵的地位和作用日益凸显,编制规模进一步扩展,组织结构更加健全,逐步发展壮大为一个战斗支援兵种,达到鼎盛时期。全国解放战争时期,随着人民解放战争的高歌猛进,国民党军全线崩溃,其化学兵也随之迅速败落。     

新形势下提高集团军部队实战化训练水平的研究与思考

围绕解决当前制约集团军部队信息化条件下实战化训练水平提升的矛盾问题,着力在浓厚实战化训练氛围、设置实战化训练内容、创新实战化训练方式、创设实战化训练环境、健全实战化训练机制等方面研究提出具体对策措施,并充分发挥战法创新引领、"考比拉"促进、人才培养支撑和作风建设保证的作用,深入推进集团军部队军事训练向实战靠拢,提高部队"能打仗、打胜仗"能力。     

Hard Line: The Republican Party and US Foreign Policy since World War II Shaping Strategy: The Civil-Military Politics of Strategic Assessment

This article examines the Dhofar campaign in Oman (1965–75), and the role Britain played in assisting the Omani royal government against left-wing insurgents. Using existing secondary sources and declassified British government papers, it reassesses the contribution of British military advisers and special forces to the counter-insurgency (COIN) campaign, the balance between military action and civil affairs, the external dimension of the conflict, and intelligence and covert operations. It concludes by assessing whether the Dhofar War offers any guidance to Western armed forces involved in contemporary COIN campaigns such as those in Afghanistan and Iraq.     

新疆兵团高职院校毕业生就业问题及对策研究——以石河子为例

就业是人民群众获取劳动报酬、维持生计、进而实现自我人生价值的基本途径。现今,就业成为大部分应届大学毕业生所要面临的难题,而我们考虑的也不能只局限于社会竞争和压力等外部因素,学生就业观念、学校就业指导等也是造成就业难的一部分原因。本文重点分析新疆高职院校毕业生就业现状及存在的问题,并从转变就业观念、加强高职院校就业指导等方面探讨扩大就业的基本思路。     

培养军校学员战斗精神的几点思考

战斗精神是军事人才必备的素质,军队院校要把培养学员战斗精神作为自己的神圣职责。军校学员战斗精神的培养主要应从以下几个方面着手,即：把政治理论教育作为培养学员战斗精神的基础环节,把军事训练作为培养学员战斗精神的主要渠道,把严格的日常管理作为促进学员战斗精神生成的主要手段;营造良好的校园环境激发学员的战斗精神。     

外军野营供水装备的特点及对我军的启示

分析总结了外军野营净水装备的系列化、高技术化、野战化等特点,提出了我军应从水源、供水规模和使用气候条件等方面成系列研制净水装备,并用高新技术对供水安全、降低能耗等关键技术进行攻关研究,以适应现代战争需要。