微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管的损伤特性

利用微波脉冲注入实验平台,对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器进行了损伤效应实验。在微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器损伤的失效分析中,当低噪声放大器增益下降大于10d B时,发现硅基双极型晶体管出现了永久损伤。通过对比测量硅基双极型晶体管损伤前后的电特性以及利用扫描电子显微镜观测损伤后晶体管的微观特性发现:硅基双极型晶体管被微波脉冲损伤后,基区的硅材料烧蚀导致发射结和集电结短路,不再具有PN结特性,导致器件失效。     

基于加速寿命试验的晶体管静电放电潜在性失效的研究

对高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管2SC3356进行静电放电试验,并利用加速寿命试验原理对两组器件进行加速寿命试验。采用Arrhenius模型对试验结果进行计算分析,发现低于损伤阈值的ESD注入可以使器件的寿命缩短,得出ESD可以在高频小功率硅双极结型晶体管内部造成潜在性失效,使得器件寿命缩短。     

利用行波管放大器产生微波波段拍波实验

介绍了一种先利用初级源进行小功率合成产生微波波段拍波 ,然后再用单只行波管放大器进行功率放大产生较高功率微波波段拍波脉冲的方法 ,目的在于为高功率微波效应研究提供方便、实用的拍波效应源。实验结果显示 :利用单只行波管放大器可以在微波波段产生拍频为 1MHz～几百MHz的拍波 ,并可以调节两个频率分量在总输出中的功率比例 ,实验获取的拍波脉冲输出功率为 2kW ,脉冲重复频率为 10kHz。实践证明 ,这种方法可以满足部分高功率微波拍波效应研究的需要 ,有一定的推广应用价值     

L波段微波集成低噪声晶体管放大器

介绍一个低噪声晶体管放大器的实验设计和制做。增盆为18db。噪声系数为5db。     

E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的静电防护电路设计

为提升E-PHEMT微波宽带放大器的抗静电能力,在分析放大器3个端口电路结构的基础上,兼顾静电保护效果、电路尺寸、微波特性与被保护电路的有机结合,提出基于PIN二极管作为基本组成元件的微波宽带放大器静电保护电路的设计方法和思路,并研制出实物样品.通过试验对比放大器改进前后的电性能和抗静电能力,其结果表明:改进后样品的微波特性满足规范要求、抗静电能力由500V提高到2 000V.该设计方法和思路在保障放大器电特性的基础上,提升了放大器的抗静电能力.     

采用HEMT的微波低噪声放大器

本文报告了一种采用最新推出的 HEMT 作为第一级的微波低噪声放大器,分析了它的性能,闸明了其设计思想。最后给出了两个样品的测试结果。     

提高微波功率放大器线性度研究

利用双栅场效应管的特性,对微波功率放大器进行预失真,以提高功率放大器的幅度,相位线性度,使放大器的效率和线性两项主要指标都有了很大的改进。     

高功率微波弹的杀伤效果分析与仿真

根据高功率微波弹微波脉冲的攻击入射角,给出了高功率微波弹杀伤区域模型,结合高功率微波损坏和干扰电子元器件的能量阈值,提出了高功率微波弹对目标的失效区、干扰区及安全区的概念,并建立相应的数学模型进行了仿真分析,为高功率微波弹攻击参数的设定及实际的作战运用提供了理论依据。     

微波功率晶体管管内匹配网络设计

本设计的目的是建立一个用于宽带固态放大器的宽带微波功率晶体管。本文包括:1) 设计思想;2) 内匹配电路衰减的计算;3) 输入、输出阻抗匹配网络的计算机辅助设计。     

微波可调增益开关式放大器

本文介绍一种用于数字微波一点多址系统中的射频可调增益放大器,给出设计考虑和实际测试结果,该放大器具有良好的使能信号开关特性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.