颠覆性技术的发展与抢占新“三大革命”战略制高点

当前,世界新一轮科技革命、产业革命和军事革命交织前行,为发展颠覆性技术提供了难得的机遇。适应世界新"三大革命"发展浪潮,结合我国加快推进经济发展方式和战斗力生成模式双重转变的要求,应关注发展事关国家长久战略安全的颠覆性技术,发展引发武器装备重大创新发展的颠覆性技术,发展孵化培育战略性新兴产业的颠覆性技术,为实现我国经济社会可持续发展和实现国家持久安全提供新的引擎。     

论颠覆性技术与军事理论创新的辩证法

技术决定战术,军事技术历来是战争领域最活跃、最具有生命力的因素。当前,以军事智能为特征的颠覆性技术已成为推动新一轮军事革命的强力引擎,它改变了原有战争样式和形态,使战争制胜机理发生复杂而深刻的变化。军事理论作为战争实践的先导,必须首先把握、科学预测和有效评判新技术对战争带来的影响,才能发挥出理论的牵引作用。古往今来的历次战争实践表明,军事理论与技术之间往往不是并行发展的,而是相互错位、交替向前的。谁能在错位的当口抢占先机,缩短错位周期,谁就能提前形成代际优势或代差,赢得战争主动。因此,必须充分认清军事理论创新与颠覆性技术之间的关系,找准军事理论与颠覆性技术错位的原因,运用科学方法,加强理技结合,把颠覆性技术内化于军事理论,达成超越对手的“理论突袭”。     

关于颠覆性技术发展的理性认知

随着美国揭开第三次"抵消战略"重点发展对象的面纱,研发"颠覆性技术"已成为主要军事大国获得技术优势的手段。当前世界新一轮科技革命、产业革命、军事革命交织并行,给颠覆性技术提供了难得的良好机遇。但当我们看见颠覆性技术引领时代新型武器装备潮流发展的同时,也应理性看待其背后潜藏的风险。通过概述总结颠覆性技术研究现状,分析其推动的科技内生性变革,从本质上对其进行理性认知。研究表明,发展颠覆性技术必须积极作为,谨慎对待。     

颠覆性技术发展面临的挑战与对策

颠覆性技术是大国军事博弈的战略需要和提升国家科技创新能力的重要途径,可引发作战样式和战争形态的根本性变革。目前,世界主要国家纷纷确立其军用颠覆性技术重点发展领域,甚至开展技术竞赛,意图抢抓科技创新机遇,掌握战争主动权。然而,颠覆性技术从研发到战斗力转化的每个环节都充满了未知和风险,需客观分析其未来发展可能面临的挑战,并思考相应对策。     

基于人工智能的智能化战争形态发展研究

经过60多年的发展,人工智能对人类生产生活各方面都产生了巨大影响。近年来,随着世界各国大力推进军事智能化建设,人工智能向军事领域渗透的步伐逐步加快,引发军事领域新一轮变革,推动战争形态向智能化战争的新方向演变。本文采用文献分析和实例研究的方法,深入剖析了人工智能技术对智能化战争形态发展的影响;将智能化战争划分为算法战争阶段和类脑化战争阶段两个阶段,并从基本概念、发展现状、作战样式等角度进行了细致分析。通过分析算法战争的局限性及类脑领域快速发展的趋势可以看出,世界各国、各科技企业均十分重视脑科学与类脑智能相关研究,智能化战争未来将从当前的算法战争阶段进入到类脑化战争阶段。     

颠覆性技术对武器装备发展的影响及思考

当今世界,科技创新蕴含着无限机遇和巨大挑战,颠覆性技术发展必将对武器装备建设产生深刻影响。文章从对颠覆性技术的基本概念探讨出发,分析了颠覆性技术对武器装备发展的影响,研究了主要大国发展颠覆性技术的主要做法,最后给出了推进我国颠覆性技术发展的几点思考。     

论科技革命影响军事领域的基本途径与机理

筹划和指导战争必须高度关注科学技术对战争的影响。科技革命影响军事领域的基本途径,主要包括:引发综合国力消长,改变国际战略格局与力量对比;孕育新的利益空间,开辟拓展军事斗争范畴与维度;催生新的作战手段,推进作战方式和战争形态的演变;塑造新型军事人才,提升人员从事与驾驭战争水平;推进军事组织形态创新,优化军队编制体制与作战编成;激发军事理论创新,催化引领战争和军事长远发展;变革装备研发模式,塑造新型国防与科技工业体系等。应充分挖掘和利用其基本规律,推进我国新军事革命走向深入。     

【邀请论文】美军未来司令部探析——成立背景、主要职能与未来前景

新一轮科技革命的快速发展正推动战争形态从信息化向智能化演进。美军作为二战后始终位列世界第一的军事力量,正在积极设计未来战争以应对当前的“大国竞争”,2018年刚刚成立的陆军未来司令部正是在这一背景下产生的。未来司令部隶属于美国陆军,主要负责美陆军新型武器装备的研发、未来作战概念创新以及新兴军事科技的测试和应用。成立两年以来,未来司令部已经拥有了一套完善、严密的组织架构,创造了包括C5ISR作战概念在内的一系列理论成果,在空基导弹、远程精确火力系统等新型作战装备上也取得了众多进展。本文基于大量前沿文献研究,廓清了未来司令部的组织架构,总结了其主要职能,并对这一新设司令部的发展前景进行了展望和预测,期望能够为推进军队现代化和未来化建设提供有益启示。     

国外国防科技改革先进经验及启示建议

正当前,新一轮科技革命持续推进,智能制造、人工智能、量子信息、大数据等前沿科技飞速发展,全球科技创新热度持续走高。世界主要国家纷纷把国防科技作为制胜未来战争的关键领域,不断推出国防科技改革创新举措,持续增强国防科技创新活力和能力。借鉴国外国防科技改革先进经验,提出对我国国防科技改革的建议,对我国国防科技发展主动适应时代之变、改革之变,在新一轮国防科技竞争中占得先机具有重要意义。     

颠覆性技术成为大国军事博弈的制高点

在人类波澜壮阔的战争舞台上,颠覆性技术催生的新型武器装备描绘了一幅幅惊心动魄的画卷,写下了无数激动人心的篇章。基于颠覆性技术的新型武器装备推动着战争形态根本改变,催化着军事思想的激烈绽放,影响着作战体制的深刻变革     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.