强激光照射下双层壳体温度场的数值模拟

运用有限元法对强激光照射下双层壳体的温度场进行了数值模拟。详细分析了在激光功率一定的情况下,外层壳体的热传导系数、比热和厚度的变化对内层壳体温升的影响。计算中考虑了内层壳体的热损耗效应。此外,根据材料参数的温度相关性,分析了内层壳体材料参数随温度的变化特性对其温升效应的影响,并将计算结果与强激光照射下单层壳体的温度场进行了比较,得到一些有意义的结论。     

运动激光辐照圆柱薄壳温度场的数值模拟

对圆柱薄壳在四种不同运动模式激光源辐照下的温度场分布进行了分析研究。运用傅立叶级数展开法推导了在不同运动模式激光源作用下圆柱薄壳温度场的解析表达式,并对该解析表达式进行了编程计算,其计算结果与有限元解吻合良好。详细分析了旋转角速度与平动速度对圆柱壳温升分布的影响,发现在往复运动加热模式下光斑区域的温升变化最为剧烈。计算结果为导弹的抗激光辐射提供了理论依据。     

金属粉末激光熔覆成形温度场的数值分析

通过建立移动激光热源作用下熔覆温度场的数值分析模型,用数值模拟的方法对激光烧结金属粉末温度场进行了分析,得到不同工艺参数下熔覆过程中基体的温度等值线分布图,并分析了扫描速度和送粉率对温度场的影响,为合理选择激光熔覆成形工艺参数提供了理论依据。     

壳间声桥刚度对双层圆柱壳声振耦合特性的影响

考虑实肋板的面内振动,建立了通过声桥耦合的双层圆柱壳声振模型,计算了双层圆柱壳在不同壳间连接刚度下的振声性能,分析了壳间声桥刚度对双层壳声振耦合特性的影响,得出了声桥耦合特性的主要控制频带.结果表明:壳间声桥刚度直接影响双层壳耦合方式;当实肋板刚度较大时,在低频,水层的耦合作用表现略强,在较高的频率范围,实肋板的耦合作用要大得多;当实肋板刚度较小,尤其是接近壳间流体的等效刚度时,壳间流体耦合作用较强,是主要的声传递通道,壳体辐射声功率较小,对减振降噪有利.在保证壳体刚度的情况下,尽量减小壳间连接刚度可有效降低壳体辐射噪声.     

烟雾环境下激光制导炸弹导引头的光电建模

建立了烟雾环境下基于光斑探测的激光半主动导引头仿真模型.模型中考虑了烟雾对激光传输和导引头探测能力的影响,其中模型的光斑探测部分确立了激光制导炸弹导引头对目标反射光斑和烟雾反射光斑的分辨算法.最后通过仿真验证了模型的正确性.     

激光辐照下45#钢板响应特性

采取实验和数值模拟相结合的方法对激光辐照45#钢板的响应特性进行研究。基于连续光纤激光发射系统,开展钢板的激光辐照实验,得到温度场分布及靶板的烧蚀穿孔特性;基于ANSYS建立靶板有限元模型,模拟激光辐照下靶板的热响应过程,得到了靶板厚度、激光功率和光斑直径等因素对靶板温度分布及靶板穿孔特性的影响规律。     

激光照射指示器束散角数字化检测方法研究

激光末端制导武器系统中,激光照射指示器出射激光的束散角是一个重要的参数。介绍了一种出射激光束散角的数字化检测方法。区别于传统的套孔法和反射靶板法,该方法通过CCD采集激光光斑,用质心法确定光斑中心,根据激光能量密度分布确定激光光斑半径,进而计算出待测的激光束散角。     

圆锥薄壳热应力分析的分布参数传递函数方法

为分析圆锥壳的热应力问题,建立了圆锥壳热弹性问题的基本微分方程,运用分布参数传递函数方法求解了受温度场作用圆锥壳的位移与热应力.计算结果表明,解析解与有限元解吻合良好.该方法可以对不同边界条件下圆锥壳的热变形和热应力问题进行分析,还可以推广到旋转壳母线形状为曲线的情况.     

基于散射探测的鱼眼激光告警方法

分析了鱼眼激光告警系统的工作原理,建立了基于散射探测的鱼眼激光告警系统的探测模型,推导出系统的目标光斑成像公式及目标光斑到达探测系统的单像元能量公式,最后引用美国休斯飞机公司AN/TVQ-2激光目标指示器参数进行数值模拟分析,得出激光传输距离及鱼眼告警系统设置高度与探测器单像元能量的关系。     

重复脉冲激光辐照InSb(PV)型探测器的热损伤

在建立高斯型重复脉冲激光辐照InSb(PV)型探测器物理模型的基础上,采用近似解析解的形式计算了圆柱形InSb靶板的二维温度场。通过数值分析得出了在激光辐照时,InSb(PV)型探测器的温升与时间的关系,并计算出相应的损伤阈值。研究表明:在高斯型重复脉冲激光辐照下,损伤阈值受到脉冲数目、宽度、重复频率以及脉冲激光光斑半径的影响,InSb(PV)型探测器会发生熔融损伤,发生于迎光面的光斑中心。对于一定厚度胶层的InSb(PV)型探测器,只有强度大于一定阈值时重复脉冲激光的辐照才可能发生熔融损伤,越薄的胶层对应的损伤阈值越大。为了增加InSb(PV)型探测器的激光对抗能力,应该减小胶层厚度。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.