潜艇耐压环肋圆柱壳结构可靠性分析

对潜艇耐压圆柱壳结构进行可靠性分析时,首先应研究结构的承载能力,并综合要求、能力两个方面,计算其失效概率和可靠度。在能力方面,本文讨论了５种主要失效模式：肋骨和壳板总体失稳、肋间壳失稳、肋骨屈服、肋间壳屈服和肋骨侧向失稳。考虑了初挠度、屈服应力、弹性模量等７个基本随机变量的影响。在要求方面,结构载荷以确定值处理。本文计算分析了３种艇型耐压圆柱壳结构的可靠性。     

带肋园柱壳壳板局部减薄后的稳定性计算

本文是研究潜艇耐压船体壳板局部腐蚀对稳定的影响。潜艇耐压壳板腐蚀对稳定性的影响,过去一些资料中都把它作为均匀减薄来处理,因而耐压船体壳板稍有腐蚀,就使艇的极限下潜深度显著降低,例如某艇壳板腐蚀1mm,使艇的极限下潜深度下降10％。由于实际潜艇壳板腐蚀总是局部的,因而按均匀腐蚀来处理是比较保守的。为了合理的确定壳板局部腐蚀后的承载能力,对带肋圆柱壳壳板局部腐蚀后的稳定性进行了理论分析,并作了六个小比例精车模型试验,在此基础上提出了壳板局部腐蚀后的稳定性计算方法。本课题在模型试验中得到了华中工     

三种复合材料回转壳元素的分析比较

本文针对三种复合材料回转壳元素,即截锥壳元素、考虑转角连续性的截锥壳元素和三结点等参元素,全面地分析了它们的优缺点,考察了它们的协调性条件和完备性条件.通过数值计算比较了它们的收敛速度、收敛精度和计算时间,指出了它们的使用范围。     

均匀外压下纵横加筋曲板和圆柱壳的稳定性

建立了纵横加筋圆柱曲板和圆柱壳的弹性稳定性临界压力公式．对文献中关于大直径环肋薄壳的异常及潜艇实肋板带纵骨式耐压液舱壳板的稳定性进行了计算,并探讨筋条的偏心、纵筋数目的奇偶性对壳体稳定性的影响     

圆柱壳振动声辐射Jacobi-Ritz时域半解析法及特性分析

针对圆柱壳结构瞬态声振特性分析研究不足,结合Newmark-β积分法和Kirchhoff时域边界积分方程,提出一种圆柱壳受迫振动声辐射Jacobi-Ritz时域半解析法。基于一阶剪切变形理论和微元法思想,建立了圆柱壳振动声辐射分析模型,采取Jacobi多项式和Fourier级数表示轴向和周向位移容许函数,基于Rayleigh-Ritz法和Newmark-β积分法计算圆柱壳的受迫振动时域响应,在此基础上,基于Kirchhoff积分方程求解辐射噪声时域响应,分析圆柱壳受迫振动声辐射特性。与有限元方法/边界元方法数值结果对比表明,该方法具备收敛性好、精度高等优点,圆柱壳结构声振响应峰值随边界条件的刚度变弱存在左移现象,振动声辐射响应随厚度的增加呈现下降趋势;当随机载荷峰值频率与结构固有频率接近时,结构声振响应出现强特征线谱。     

壳间声桥刚度对双层圆柱壳声振耦合特性的影响

考虑实肋板的面内振动,建立了通过声桥耦合的双层圆柱壳声振模型,计算了双层圆柱壳在不同壳间连接刚度下的振声性能,分析了壳间声桥刚度对双层壳声振耦合特性的影响,得出了声桥耦合特性的主要控制频带.结果表明:壳间声桥刚度直接影响双层壳耦合方式;当实肋板刚度较大时,在低频,水层的耦合作用表现略强,在较高的频率范围,实肋板的耦合作用要大得多;当实肋板刚度较小,尤其是接近壳间流体的等效刚度时,壳间流体耦合作用较强,是主要的声传递通道,壳体辐射声功率较小,对减振降噪有利.在保证壳体刚度的情况下,尽量减小壳间连接刚度可有效降低壳体辐射噪声.     

复合材料偏心加筋壳特性分析

用任意加筋壳单元研究了复合材料偏心加筋壳结构的特性.研究表明,在结构几何尺寸已经确定的情况下,可以调整加强肋骨的偏心量,以改变加筋壳结构内部的受力和变形;调整加强肋骨的布置方式也是改变加筋壳结构强度和刚度的有效方法.     

超空泡航行体双层壳结构动力稳定性分析

针对超空泡航行体轴向受力特点,建立超空泡航行体双层壳结构有限元模型,对结构动力稳定性进行分析.数值计算表明,当壳间实肋板厚度增大或环向肋骨数量和尺寸增加时,动力失稳区域整体下移,不稳定激发频率下降,失稳区域宽度减小幅度较小;当壳间间距减小或纵向肋骨数量和尺寸增加时,双层壳结构动力不稳定激发频率上升,动力失稳区域宽度较大...     

夹芯复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的承载能力试验

为研究极限复合材料圆柱壳在静水压力下的损伤现象和机理,首先基于钢制耐压壳比重大以及声学和磁学性能差的缺点,提出了使用夹芯复合材料圆柱壳作为潜水器耐压壳的新型结构形式;然后,采用试验研究,比较了两种模量芯材的夹芯复合材料圆柱壳结构在静水压力下的承载能力;最后,根据两种壳体的特点,设计了两种不同的试验方案进行试验,得到了壳体的失效载荷,并通过应变片测定了壳体复合材料表层上相应测点在试验过程中的应变数据。得到以下结果:HW-S01壳体受到屈曲效应的破坏,而HW-055壳体由于局部复合材料应力过载而失效;HW-S01壳体的试验失效荷载为1.34 MPa,HW-055壳体的失效载荷为11.2 MPa。试验结果表明:该夹芯复合材料圆柱壳有能力承受超过1 000 m水深的静水压力,可以对大潜深潜水器全复合材料耐压壳的设计研究提供参考。     

夹层复合材料耐压圆柱壳深水静压承载特性分析

为探究新型夹层复合材料耐压圆柱壳在深水环境中的极限承载能力及失效模式,以湿法缠绕工艺成型的圆柱壳模型为研究对象,通过开展深水静压试验研究及数值仿真,分析了结构的极限承载能力及失效模式。结果表明:夹层复合材料圆柱壳的失效模式为整体失稳,内外蒙皮均出现明显纤维断裂,伴随结构渗水,内蒙皮与芯层界面处出现分层并扩展,导致结构完全丧失承载能力。同时,在兼顾结构强度与稳定性双重指标前提下,预测了结构的渐进破坏模式及极限荷载,预测值与试验结果相比误差为5.97%。该研究为夹层复合材料耐压壳的应用设计提供了技术储备。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.