单平台纯方位信息的水面编队目标运动要素解算

基于实际背景需求,针对单平台纯方位水面编队目标运动要素解算问题,从可观测性、观测平台机动及解算模型三方面作了探讨.利用线性系统可观测理论,基于伪线性量测方程对编队目标运动要素的可观测性进行了研究,给出了可观测条件.以Fisher信息阵行列式为性能指标,探讨了观测平台最优机动的理论轨线和工程轨线形状.给出了3种编队目标运动要素解算模型,并进行了仿真比较分析.研究结论和仿真结果表明:水下单平台基于纯方位解算编队目标运动要素,自身必须作有效机动,可以采用单目标运动要素解算的最佳机动策略;提出的联合解算模型的效果显著好于已有的两种模型.     

星载InSAR均匀相位构形的空间基线稳定性

星载InSAR(干涉式合成孔径雷达)在对地观测任务中具有广泛的应用,其空间基线随卫星编队平台的运动而变化。本文基于卫星编队的构形原理,定义了星载InSAR均匀相位构形。根据干涉测量原理定义了相关基线及其稳定度,研究了不同均匀相位构形下星载InSAR的基线稳定性。     

基于打靶法的含摩擦齿轮系统运动稳定性分析

采用打靶法对含摩擦齿轮系统进行运动稳定性分析能够揭示摩擦对齿轮系统动力学行为所产生的复杂影响.建立了计及摩擦的单对齿轮非线性系统的非线性动力学模型,采用打靶法对其周期运动进行了求解,并应用Floquet乘子判断系统周期解的稳定性和分岔特点,得到了系统在不同的摩擦系数条件下周期运动的演变规律.相比于Runge-Kutta法,打靶法能得到更为全面的齿轮系统的不稳定和稳定的周期解.研究发现:摩擦能改变周期运动的性态,可在一定程度上提高系统周期运动的稳定性,同时会产生新的不稳定的周期运动,使得齿轮系统的动力学行为更为复杂.     

多平台空间目标观测协同调度问题

针对空间目标观测的平台多样性、单次观测不确定性、任务层次优先性等现实问题,从多平台任务协同分配的角度,统一考虑夭基、地基固定、地基移动观测平台,建立面向空间目标应急观测异构平台预调度模型,基于STK和改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了仿真验证,为构建天地一体空间目标观测体系建立提供有益借鉴.     

引入测频信息进行无源被动定位的方法研究

无源被动定位技术中一个重要问题，是如何使定位的约束条件尽可能地少，即尽可能地提高方法的可操作性。只利用测角信息（ＤＯＡ）的定位方法，由于可观测性的要求，在单观测平台对运动目标定位时，常常需要观测平台作特殊的机动运动，这种约束给实际操作带来很大不便。本文提出了一种引入测频信息对运动目标进行定位的定位方法，并给出了可观测性分析。运用该定位法定位，观测平台的运动形式可以任意，特别有意义的是，在满足某些条件情况下观测平台还可以完全静止不动。     

雷达平台运动特性及其对一维距离像影响分析

分析运动特性对雷达一维距离像的影响是研究运动平台下雷达运动补偿、检测、识别和跟踪等方法的前提.针对这一问题,首先分析了雷达平台的运动特性,推导了运动平台下雷达线性调频信号回波模型,定量地分析了运动特性对一维距离像的影响,给出通常雷达平台的运动特性和时宽带宽积条件下,平台微动对径向运动速度、加速度的影响可以忽略;平台平动...     

Penning阱中离子运动及稳定性分析

研究了离子在Penning阱内的运动规律.根据在实验中所采用的Penning离子阱结构及电磁场分布特点,列出并求解了阱内离子运动方程,对其中各种运动及稳定性进行了分析,得到如下结论阱中离子的运动为简谐振动、回旋运动和漂移运动的叠加,且这3种运动是稳定的.     

四足机动平台的静步态规划研究

基于仿生学原理进行了四足机动平台的腿部结构设计,分析了负载因子、周期、步距等步态设计参数对静步态稳定性的影响,提出了平地直行条件下从起步到稳定行走的步态调整方式,并对静步态行走全过程的稳定裕度进行了求解。计算结果表明：所规划的行走步态能达到静步态运动稳定性要求。     

某型末制导炮弹惯导飞行角运动研究

为研究某型末制导炮弹惯性飞行过程的稳定性,建立该炮弹在惯导飞行阶段有控弹道攻角运动方程.基于该攻角运动方程,求解方程特征根推导出末制导炮弹自由运动的稳定性条件,并给出舵片偏转控制力对弹体强迫作用的解,分别讨论了影响自由运动和受迫运动稳定性的因素.分析结果表明,惯性飞行过程中,舵面参数以及弹丸转动角速度是影响飞行稳定的主要因素,舵片偏转过程与弹丸共振条件无关.     

粒子滤波算法在单站无源定位中的应用

单站无源定位是目标跟踪领域的一个研究热点问题.首先介绍了采用增加观测信息量的方法来实现单站无源定位的技术,即方位/多普勒频率联合定位方法,对其定位原理以及实现进行分析讨论.引入一种新的滤波器-粒子滤波器方法(Particle Filter,PF)探讨了海面上运动的观测平台对远距离运动目标定位的应用背景,对目标的原始定位结果进行滤波处理,以减弱测量噪声的影响,提高定位的精度.仿真结果表明了这一处理算法的有效性以及高精度.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.