硝烟散尽看指挥——从两场高技术战争看美军和北约战时司令部运作特点

作为近十年内发生的两场规模最大、参战国家与军兵种最多、武器系统最复杂最先进的高技术战争,海湾战争和科索沃战争硝烟散去良久,战争的结局世人皆知,但制胜的因素却值得进一步探究。从美国防部近期发表的数十万字的《科索沃战争》总结报告连同海湾     

【邀请论文】特朗普政府太空防卫战略调整的动因、特点与影响

面对太空领域变化的安全环境和自身实力的相对衰弱,特朗普政府对美国的太空防卫战略进行了重大调整。相比奥巴马政府的太空防卫战略,特朗普政府明确将太空作为新型作战域,加快天军建设,并以中俄为主要对手,联合盟友构建军民一体、内外联动的太空防卫体系。本文认为,特朗普政府对于太空防卫战略的调整凸显了美国欲加快太空武器化、谋求外空绝对军事力量优势的霸权企图。但这无疑会加剧目前愈演愈烈的太空“安全困境”,将更多国家拉入“太空军备竞赛”的恶性循环中,对国际太空安全和全球战略稳定带来消极影响。展望拜登政府的太空防卫政策,其军事色彩会略微下降,但也将更重视技术积累和太空的开发利用。     

【邀请论文】大师的学术风格与科学命运──2020年诺贝尔物理学奖启示

杨振宁先生指出,自然科学研究与人文创作一样,也有因人而异的风格,并且这种风格会对研究工作产生重大的影响。2020年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了黑洞的理论和观测研究,其中一半授予罗杰·彭罗斯,奖励他发现黑洞的形成是广义相对论的普遍预言。与此研究相关的三位科学大师——霍金、彭罗斯与爱因斯坦,他们独特的研究风格与各自的科学命运息息相关。本文对他们的学术风格与科学命运进行了分析和解读,以期通过大师的经验为人才学、教育学及我国年轻拔尖人才的培养选拔提供有益启示。     

【邀请论文】军队审计应用区块链技术面临的机遇、挑战及推进策略

区块链技术是一种融数据库技术、计算机科学、网络技术、数学及密码学等为一体的现代信息技术,是未来信息化发展的核心技术之一,具有去中心化、公开透明、不易篡改及开源共治等特点。军队审计要坚定不移地贯彻科技强审战略,加强审计信息化建设,将大数据、区块链等现代信息技术与审计业务深度融合,大力推行在线审计、联网审计,促进审计力向保障力和战斗力聚焦。本文在系统阐述区块链技术给军队审计在控制审计风险、提高工作效率、实现审计全覆盖等方面带来机遇的同时,分析了可能面临的应用意识不足、应用经验不足、应用安全存在隐患、应用法规缺乏等挑战,在此基础上提出了区块链技术应用的推进策略,以期更好地推动军队审计信息化的进程。     

自主武器的特点及对未来战争影响——《无人军队：自主武器与未来战争》述评

以自主武器为代表的人工智能正在掀起一场新的军事革命。保罗·沙瑞尔所著的《无人军队：自主武器与未来战争》一书通过技术概念解释、各路专家访谈与大量战场实例,深入浅出地探讨了自主武器的内涵、特点与影响。本文基于该书内容,结合相关文献、书籍、评论等资料,首先对自主武器与无人军队的内涵、现阶段的运用情况进行简要介绍;其次,通过对自主武器技术内核的分析,简要介绍自主武器在各类战争样式的运用、存在的反为敌方利用的可欺骗性风险和故障发生后产生更严重后果的不稳定性风险;最后从三方面总结自主武器对战争其他方面的影响,即对军队建设模式提出更高要求,对国际战略稳定的双重作用以及对战争法与战争伦理道德的挑战。     

未来作战的全维叠加：信息与平台——谈打赢未来战争的关键环节

早在19世纪中叶,著名的军事战略家克劳塞维茨就一针见血地指出,“精确识别的困难是战争中最严重的失误来源之一”。20世纪末期的军事战略家们坚信,网络系统能减少这种失误,并导致未来的作战平台向微型化过渡。     

未来信息化战争的电子战还是当今意义上的电子干扰、电子欺骗吗？不，不是！那将是一场别开生面的——虚拟对抗战

2021年,全球资源进一步匮乏.世界一流强国M国与世界二流强国S国,在国际经济贸易中发生重大经济利益冲突.两国关系每况愈下,战争一触即发.     

Allies at War: British and US Army Command Culture in the Italian Campaign, 1943–1944

This article compares the philosophy and practice of command in the British and US Armies during the Italian Campaign of 1943–44. It assesses pre-war influences on the command approach adopted by each army, and shows how refinements derived from wartime experience enabled British and American commanders to successfully utilise mission command principles to outfight the German Army in the latter years of World War II. This examination directly challenges the historical consensus that Allied commanders were disadvantaged by an inability to exploit the advantages of mission command, and that the German Army retained superior command practices, despite its other failings, throughout the fighting between 1939 and 1945. These conclusions hold additional relevance to modern military organisations which have emphasised mission command as the optimal solution to effective command in battle since the 1980s, but from an inaccurate understanding of German, British and American command traditions and experience that persists to this day.     

The Long and Winding Road: The US Army Managerial Approach to Command and the Adoption of Mission Command (Auftragstaktik)

The purpose of the current paper is to examine the adoption and adaptation process of mission command (Auftragstaktik) in the US Army. This concept, developed by the Prussians, denotes a decentralized command approach wherein superiors dictate their intent and allow subordinates to formulate their operational plans independently and change it according to the emerging situation. The paper examines the US command approach prior to the adoption of mission command. It argues that it was heavily influenced by corporate management practices which inherently contradict mission command approach. It continues and investigates how the US Army endeavored to emulate the approach in its doctrine and in major operations.

While it has officially incorporated mission command into its doctrine, it has been less successful in utilizing it in operational situations. This state of affairs has to do with the cultural legacy of the managerial approach to command that still persist. Despite the partial success, the US Army has recently reaffirmed its commitment to this approach.     

陆军作战仿真模型标准化研究

模型标准化是规范仿真模型开发,避免低水平重复建设的重要环节。在对陆军作战仿真模型体系进行分析和归纳的基础上,对仿真模型架构、模型构建、模型管理以及模型交互进行了标准化设计,提出了基于插件机制的“柔性”仿真模型架构、仿真实体组件化建模机制、采用“方案－单元－实体－组件”方式的仿真实体管理机制以及采用消息驱动、事件订购和分发方式的模型交互机制。     

The Normative Implications of “Knowing the Future” for Preventive War

What if claims about the future informed us about the intentions and the capabilities of our opponents to wage war against ourselves? Would and should the existing norms that restrict the preventive use of force change in the wake of such transformation? This article highlights the potential normative consequences of this change and discriminates between several possible normative evolutions. Would and should the “knowability of the future” alter radically the traditional rule of self-defense? This rule could indeed be jeopardized but, as I argue in this paper, it should not (and might not necessarily). However, the distinction between preemption and prevention could become obsolete. Future claims about security will also induce new security doctrines as knowledge about the future would be used to signal one’s intentions and deter one’s opponent. This change would also have a significant impact on accountability, as citizens would have a more active role in discussions over foreign policy. Moreover, new modes of predictions and forecasting will challenge the traditional role of experts whose biases have hampered their analyses and anticipations. Thus, trustworthy future claims could bring significant progress in both ethical and political terms as they would trigger a debate on the role of knowledge in democratic societies.     

美国陆军作战指挥系统

自海湾战争以来的局部战争,信息作战改变并主导了现代战场。描述了美陆军作战指挥系统及其支援系统、通信系统的组成、基本功能和发展前景。     

新疆教育事业发展现状与未来展望

改革开放以来新疆教育事业得到了较怏的发展,取得了历史性的成就。全面推进九年义务教育的普及,大力发展职业教育,稳步发展高等教育,大力推进“双语”教学工作,形成了从幼儿教育到高等教育的完备体系。但是,当前我区教育事业发展中还存在一些问题,需要我们下大力气去解决,不断推动新疆教育事业的全面发展。     

中国近现代心理战历史沿革研究

信息技术的飞速发展和广泛运用为心理战的实施开辟了新的更加广阔的空间。当前,拓展深化军事斗争准备和完成多样化军事任务对军队心理战建设提出了新的任务和要求。研究中国近现代心理战的历史沿革发展,特别是辛亥革命时期、土地革命时期、抗日战争时期、解放战争时期、抗美援朝时期中心理战的演变过程,总结经验教训,对于提高信息时代军队心理作战能力有重要启示作用。     

关于法律战的若干问题研究

在军事斗争中,我军应准确把握法律战的含义,使军事斗争与法律战有机结合。在信息化战争条件下,法律战正面临着前所未有的挑战。法律战只有与舆论战、心理战相结合,才能发挥出“三战”整体效益。军事优势是法律战获胜的前提和关键。武警部队应结合军事工作的基本特点,努力提高法律战的作战能力。     

公安现役部队体能训练研究

现代高技术条件下的作战行动,对公安现役部队官兵的体能提出了更高、更严格的要求。从公安现役部队执行的多种作战任务角度出发,就公安现役部队体能训练的内容、原则及方法进行了探讨分析。