Unpacking the various meanings of redundancy: from refining the concept to military planning

The authors engage in the debate over waste in military force structure planning by rigorously deconstructing the concept of “redundancy.” First, a typology of redundancy is constructed that provides a common framework for identifying variety among redundant structures. These are labeled “true redundancy,” “expanded capacity,” “portfolio diversification,” and “mission overlap.” Further, a number of mechanisms are identified that produce these types of structures, and show the conditions under which planners may utilize redundant structure in the search for optimization. In sum, the article provides refined concepts for analysts and planners to identify when redundancy is deleterious or beneficial.     

On lifetimes in random environments

For a component operating in random environment, whose hazard rate is assumed to be the realization of a suitable increasing stochastic process, conditions are found such that its lifetime is increasing in likelihood ratio (ILR). For the lifetimes of two components of the same kind some comparisons based on partial stochastic orders are presented. Some applications to the case of repairable components are finally provided. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 365–375, 1998     

Stochastic production capacity: A bane or a boon for quick response supply chains?

The quick response (QR) system that can cope with demand volatility by shortening lead time has been well studied in the literature. Much of the existing literature assumes implicitly or explicitly that the manufacturers under QR can always meet the demand because the production capacity is always sufficient. However, when the order comes with a short lead time under QR, availability of the manufacturer's production capacity is not guaranteed. This motivates us to explore QR in supply chains with stochastic production capacity. Specifically, we study QR in a two-echelon supply chain with Bayesian demand information updating. We consider the situation where the manufacturer's production capacity under QR is uncertain. We first explore how stochastic production capacity affects supply chain decisions and QR implementation. We then incorporate the manufacturer's ability to expand capacity into the model. We explore how the manufacturer determines the optimal capacity expansion decision, and the value of such an ability to the supply chain and its agents. Finally, we extend the model to the two-stage two-ordering case and derive the optimal ordering policy by dynamic programming. We compare the single-ordering and two-ordering cases to generate additional managerial insights about how ordering flexibility affects QR when production capacity is stochastic. We also explore the transparent supply chain and find that our main results still hold.     

动力调谐陀螺随机速率漂移模型及其分析

应用典型相关分析,主成份分析和多因变量逐步回归分析方法,对陀螺仅随机速率漂移与温度的关系数推进行了分析。文中得出了一些有益的结论,并建立了陀螺仪随机速率漂移与温度相关的数学模型。     

Note on “An Optimal Recursive Method for Various Inventory Replenishment Models with Increasing Demand and Shortages” by Teng et al.

In a recent paper, Teng, Chern, and Yang consider four possible inventory replenishment models and determine the optimal replenishment policies for them. They compare these models to identify the best alternative on the basis of minimum total relevant inventory costs. The total cost functions for Model 1 and Model 4 as derived by them are not exact for the comparison. As a result, their conclusion on the least expensive replenishment policy is incorrect. The present article provides the actual total costs for Model 1 and Model 4 to make a correct comparison of the four models. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 602–606, 2000     

Dual sourcing: Responsive hedging against correlated supply and demand uncertainty

This article analyzes dual sourcing decisions under stochastically dependent supply and demand uncertainty. A manufacturer faces the trade‐off between investing in unreliable but high‐margin offshore supply and in reliable but low‐margin local supply, where the latter allows for production that is responsively contingent on the actual demand and offshore supply conditions. Cost thresholds for both types of supply determine the optimal resource allocation: single offshore sourcing, single responsive sourcing, or dual sourcing. Relying on the concept of concordance orders, we study the effects of correlation between supply and demand uncertainty. Adding offshore supply to the sourcing portfolio becomes more favorable under positive correlation, since offshore supply is likely to satisfy demand when needed. Selecting responsive capacity under correlated supply and demand uncertainty is not as straightforward, yet we establish the managerially relevant conditions under which responsive capacity either gains or loses in importance. Our key results are extended to the broad class of endogenous supply uncertainty developed by Dada et al. [Manufact Serv Operat Mange 9 (2007), 9–32].© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

GSVM:一种支持Gather/Scatter的向量存储器

宽单指令多数据流(Single Instruction Multiple Data, SIMD)架构数字信号处理器一般都能高效支持地址连续或等距跨步等规则应用的向量访存,但对于科学与工程计算中广泛存在的不规则应用的数据访存则带宽利用率往往较低,从而大幅降低了其整体运算能效。为了提高不规则应用的向量访存性能,基于某SIMD数字信号处理器的体系结构,设计了一种支持Gather/Scatter访存的向量存储器GSVM。通过设计与SIMD宽度相匹配的向量地址计算单元和合适深度的冲突缓冲器阵列,实现了Gather/Scatter指令向量地址计算、仲裁与缓存的全流水访存操作。实验结果表明,相比以前不支持Gather/Scatter访存的存储器,GSVM在增加22%的硬件代价基础上,基于稀疏矩阵向量乘的测试程序集获得了2～8的性能加速比。     

二阶矩模糊随机过程的均方极限

给出了二阶矩模糊随机过程均方极限的两种定义,证明了这两种定义的等价性,并讨论了二阶矩模糊随机过程均方极限的性质。     

带宽受限下频谱分离对提高RDSS入站容量的影响分析

用户入站容量是RDSS系统设计的一个重要指标,主要受限于入站信号之间的多址干扰.提高扩频码速率可以增加人站容量,但卫星转发器带宽限制了扩频码速率的最大值,从而限制了单个扩频频谱入站信号容量最大值.在卫星转发器带宽受限情况下,提出了采用分离扩频频谱的方法来提高入站容量,并分别对扩频频谱分离为两个和三个的情况进行了详细分析,得出了两种分离扩频频谱方案下扩频码速率的最优值.仿真结果表明,在现有转发器带宽内分离为两个扩频频谱可以提高入站容量29％,分离为三个扩频频谱可以提高人站容量37％.     

教学方法多元化在《教育学》课程教学中的应用

《教育学》课程教学中存在一些问题,主要集中在学生、教师、教材、教学评价等方面,教学方法多元化对《教育学》课程教学的应用是解决问题的有效途径。教师在《教育学》课程教学中运用课堂讲授、案例教学、讨论教学、学生自讲、探究式教学等方法对克服教学中存在的问题、培养师范生实践能力、提高教学质量具有积极地作用。     

军民融合背景下军工企业多元化发展战略研究

冷战结束后,欧美多数军工企业在军转民的过程中采取多元化的经营战略,壮大企业规模并寻求进一步的发展。随着我国军民融合战略的深入实施,军工企业不再是封闭独立的单一军品生产基地,而是顺时应势逐步实现军品和民品同步多元化发展的战略转型。通过分析我国军工企业军转民的历史进程与国际经验,结合多元化战略的特点,考察军工企业在军转民过程中实施多元化战略的动因,构建军工企业多元化战略的选择函数。本文认为,军工企业选择多元化战略应考虑企业自身实际情况,积极响应国家政策,培育核心竞争力;同时,军转民过程作为军民融合深度发展的重要一环,会促使军工企业往多元化的方向发展,而多元化战略的实施也会加快军民融合深度发展的进程。     

西方治安管理主体多元化探析

传统观念认为,政府警察机构是维护社会治安秩序的主体。然而,西方国家的治安管理实践表明,私人保安、社会自治组织等社会治安组织也参与社会治安管理工作,与警察机构合作、互动,共同维护社会秩序。治安管理主体呈现多元化的原因主要有三个方面:一是西方政府机制本身内在固有的缺陷导致警察机构治安服务失灵现象为其提供现实依据;二是新公共管理、自组织网络治理等理论为其产生提供理论基础;三是治安需求的多元化为其提供了发展的动力。     

机械振动特征分析中的信号处理技术与微机特征分析系统

文中指出抑制阶比混迭和泄漏是建立一套完整的微机特征分析系统中需要解决的二个关键的信号处理问题。提出了阶比滤波器是抑制阶比混迭有效和实用的方法;并研制频率比合成器以抑制泄漏。介绍了由频率比合成器、阶比滤波器、TMS32010数据采集装置、主机和绘图仪所组成的微机特征分析系统。最后给出了该微机特征分析系统对轴承进行故障诊断的结果。