纳米TiO2光催化净化有害气体的研究

以钛酸正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在柔性材料上制备了中孔TiO2薄膜光催化剂,利用TEM和Raman研究了薄膜的表面及结构特性,以甲醛、氰化氢、苯的光催化氧化反应为试验反应,考察TiO2薄膜光催化剂的活性。结果表明,制得了具有中孔结构、结晶完好的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜光催化剂,具有较好的光催化活性。     

TiO_2/ACF复合光催化材料的制备及性能

用适宜载体将粉体材料固定是提高光催化材料稳定性的关键。采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料,选取活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体,制备了TiO2/ACF复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热分析仪(DSC-TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术对复合光催化材料的结构进行了表征分析。在紫外光照射下,通过对甲醛气体的光催化降解,考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、负载次数和负载时间等不同制备条件对复合光催化材料结构和性能的影响,结果表明:当煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为2h,负载3次,负载时间为6min制备的TiO2/ACF光催化性能最佳。     

La掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了镧掺杂TiO2粉体材料,利用DSC—TG和XRD进行了结构表征,以TNT为目标降解物研究了其光催化性能。结果表明,La掺杂抑制了TiO2的晶粒增长和晶型的转变,适量的La掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性,La掺杂量（摩尔分数）为2％时光催化活性最佳,La掺杂过量会降低其光催化活性。     

La掺杂GO/TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用改进Hummer氧化法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),采用超声辅助溶胶凝胶法,以GO、硝酸镧、钛酸丁酯为原料制备La掺杂GO/Ti O_2复合材料。通过综合热分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见光谱仪等仪器对复合材料的结构及理化性质进行表征和分析。以紫外光(UV)照射下复合材料对甲醛的降解率为指标考察光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度、GO质量分数、La质量分数对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明,GO/Ti O_2复合材料对甲醛的降解率高于纯TiO_2,La的掺杂进一步提高了复合材料的光催化效率。煅烧温度为500℃,GO的质量分数为9%,La的质量分数为5%时复合材料对甲醛的降解率最佳,达到87.5%。     

不同分散剂对纳米SiO_2水中分散的影响

选取六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及KCl作分散剂,并采用超声分散方法,制备纳米SiO2悬浮液,对纳米SiO2的水中分散性能进行研究。测试分散体系中纳米SiO2粒子的粒径及分布、Zeta电位及透光率,探讨了不同分散剂对纳米SiO2分散性能的影响。结果表明:不同分散剂对纳米SiO2的粒径都有明显影响,但粒径分布宽度差别较大;同在分散粒径较小的条件下,分别添加3种分散剂的悬浮液体系具有不同的稳定性,其中含SDBS的分散体系因静电和空间位阻的作用而表现出良好的分散稳定性。     

N掺杂改性纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,尿素为N源,制备了N掺杂改性纳米Ti O2光催化材料;用XRD、DSC-TG、FT-IR、UV-Vis DRS、SEM-EDS等测试手段,对材料结构和性能进行了表征;利用光催化反应器,在紫外灯光照条件下考察了材料对水中苯酚的降解效果。结果表明:N掺杂改性使Ti O2晶粒更加细化,出现红移现象,光催化活性显著提高;在N掺杂量为5%(摩尔分数),煅烧温度为500℃,催化剂用量为2 g/L,500 W紫外灯光照条件下,光催化降解200 m L苯酚溶液(2 mg/L)的效果最佳;反应60 min后,苯酚降解率达到91.3%。     

纳米SiO2形态对铜基摩擦材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法分别制备了添加0.75 wt%的纳米SiO2(n-SiO2)和0.75 wt%Cu包纳米SiO2(Cu/n-SiO2)复合粉体的新型铜基摩擦材料.采用惯性台架试验机,研究比较了2种材料与未添加纳米SiO2的材料的摩擦学性能.结果表明添加0.75 wt% Cu/n-SiO2的铜基摩擦材料,耐热性提高了32%,摩擦因数更稳定,耐磨性提高了2.02倍.经铜包覆处理后的n-SiO2对材料性能的影响优于未处理的n-SiO2.     

纳米Al2O3／聚酰亚胺耐高温应急粘接堵漏材料的研究

研究了纳米Al2O3粒子对聚酰亚胺粘接材料性能的影响.结果表明,纳米Al2O3粒子能明显提升聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料的粘接性能.当纳米Al2O3粒子添加量为8%～12%时,聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料的剪切强度可提高37%;纳米Al2O3/聚酰亚胺粘接堵漏材料在高温固化过程中,纳米Al2O3产生向粘接界面偏析现象.     

AZ91D镁合金表面纳米TiO_2复合微弧氧化层耐蚀性能研究

为了提高AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀能力,采用Na2SiO3电解液,添加入纳米TiO2,经微弧氧化,纳米TiO2颗粒复合入陶瓷层中,形成表面质量良好的纳米复合陶瓷质氧化膜。通过与普通微弧氧化陶瓷层比较,结果表明：纳米TiO2复合微弧氧化陶瓷层孔隙率降低,致密性提高,抗盐雾腐蚀性能提高1倍以上。     

TiO2／AC复合光催化剂的制备及表征

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,然后浸渍到活性炭（AC）上制得负载型TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X－射线衍射对其进行了分析表征。TiO2/AC复合光催化剂对CNCl和Freon-22的吸附光催化具有较高的能力。AC为TiO2提供了高浓度环境从而促进了反应速率。     

Sol-gel法制备纳米TiO_2凝胶过程的控制

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶。通过改变各原料的配比和实验条件对凝胶过程中的作用机理进行了探究。结果表明:当无水乙醇与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为12:1,蒸馏水与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为3:1,抑制剂与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为1:1～2:1,pH=2,最适水解温度为25℃时,制得了稳定的二氧化钛凝胶。     

Effect of particle gradation of aluminum on the explosion field pressure and temperature of RDX-based explosives in vacuum and air atmosphere

To optimize the energy output and improve the energy utilization efficiency of an aluminized explosive, an explosion device was developed and used to investigate the detonation pressure and temperature of R1 (Al6) aluminum powder and the aluminum powder particle gradation of R2 (Al6+Al13), R3 (Al6+Al24) and R4 (Al6+Al flake) in a confined space. By using gas chromatography, quantitative analysis and calculations were carried out to analyze the gaseous detonation products. Finally, the reaction ratios of the aluminum powder and the explosion reaction equations were calculated. The results show that in a confined space, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperature of the aluminum powder in air are higher than in vacuum. In vacuum, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R3>R4>R2 and R3>R4>R1>R2, respectively. In air, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R2>R4>R3 and R1>R4>R2>R3, respectively. R4 (Al6+Al flake) and R3 (Al6+Al24) have relatively higher temperatures after detonation, which shows that the particle gradation method can enhance the reaction energy output of aluminum during the initial reaction stage of the explosion and increase the reaction ratio by 10.6% and 8.0%, respectively. In air, the reaction ratio of Al6 aluminum powder can reach as high as 78.16%, and the reaction ratio is slightly reduced after particle gradation. Finally, the reaction equations of the explosives in vacuum and in air were calculated by quantitative analysis of the explosion products, which provides a powerful basis for the study of RDX-based explosive reactions.     

Ni-Zn铁氧体粉末的溶胶-凝胶合成及微波性能

以硝酸铁、硝酸镍、硝酸锌、柠檬酸和氨水为原料,用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同组成的Ni-Zn铁氧体粉末。利用热分析、X射线衍射等手段研究了干凝胶热分解行为。利用网络分析仪对铁氧体粉末的电磁性能进行了表征,考察了铁氧体的组成与其电磁性能之间的关系。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法合成的铁氧体粉末的μ″值随测试频率的提高和Ni-Zn铁氧体中锌含量的增加而减小。     

FeCl3-超滤工艺处理低温低浊水的试验研究

采用FeCl3-超滤工艺进行了处理实验室条件下低温低浊水的试验研究,考察了不同投加量的FeCl3对污染物的去除效果和超滤膜运行状况的影响。结果表明,FeCl3-超滤工艺处理低温低浊水的适宜投量为8mg／L,膜出水浊度小于0．2NTU,CODM。小于2．5mg／L,对CODMn和UV254的去除率分别为37．35％和51．66％,且超滤膜运行状况较为稳定。     

Effect of nano powder (Al2O3-CaO) addition on the mechanical properties of the polymer blend matrix composite

This work describes the preparation and study of the properties of composite nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Al₂O₃-CaO), and study the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (EP 4% + 96% UPE). The powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical behavior of the composite material was assessed by tensile test, bending test and hardness test. The evaluation results of the composite nanoparticles showed good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and calcium oxide, smoothness in particles' size at calcination in high and low temperatures, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different (kappa and gamma) phases of the Al₂O₃ particles. The results of mechanical behavior tests showed marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulted composite material, especially at 1.5%, compared with polymer blend material without nano powder addition. The tensile properties improved about (24 and 14.9) % and bending resistance about (23.5 and 16.8) % and hardness by (25 and 22) % when adding particles of size (63.8 and 68.6) respectively. Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.     

二酚基甲烷的合成与表征

利用正交实验,研究了苯酚和甲醛在酸性催化剂的作用下合成二酚基甲烷的反应。探讨了合成各条件对产物的收率、双核比例的影响,并对产物的分子量、熔点、双核含量进行了分析表征。     

纳米复合自修复添加剂发动机台架试验研究

通过WD615．67行车用6缸柴油机发动机台架试验,研究了含有纳米铜材料的纳米复合添加剂对发动机动力性能的影响,试验前后对发动机主要摩擦副尺寸进行了测量。结果表明,纳米复合添加剂对发动机不同材料的摩擦副均有较好的抗磨效果,特别是在缸套等摩擦部位出现了“负磨损”,实现了摩擦副表面的原位动态自修复。添加纳米复合添加剂后有效地降低了比油耗,减少了机械功率损失, 提高了发动机的功率,改善了发动机的动力性能。     

3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛肟的合成

以香兰素、盐酸羟胺和强碱为原料 ,制备出了 3 甲氧基 4 羟基苯甲醛肟。影响合成反应过程的因素有 :温度、试剂的加入顺序、不同的强碱及三种原料的摩尔比。正交实验后三种原料的最佳摩尔比为 1:1 2 :1 1,产物的产率达 97 4 %。文中还对不同酸碱度条件下的此反应机理进行了探讨。通过反应产物熔点的测定及其IR、1HNMR、TIC MS等的分析 ,确证了合成产物     

广义Liénard方程Poincaré分岔极限环的唯一性和不存在性

讨论了一类广义Linard方程x¨+f1(x)x.2+εf2(x)x.+g(x)=0的Poincar分岔极限环的唯一性和不存在性。将不对Abel积分进行分项,而是利用一阶Mel′nikov函数直接从整体上进行分析讨论,得出了若干判别准则和充分条件。