基于像素局部对比度的直线特征检测算法*

本文提出了基于像素局部对比度和全局虚警抑制的直线段检测算法。本文算法分为四步：第一步,计算像素点的梯度以及局部对比度;第二步,将方向大致相同的像素点分成直线支撑区域(像素方向为像素梯度方向的顺时针垂直方向),并对支撑区域进行矩形近似;第三步,在直线支撑区域内拟合直线段,计算直线参数;第四步,根据直线支撑区域信息验证直线段,抑制虚警。实验表明本文算法在复杂条件下,特别是光照影响条件下,具有更好的鲁棒性和效率。     

基于几何特征的水面舰船快速检测算法

针对水面舰船在复杂背景下存在大量虚警问题,提出了一种基于几何特征的水面舰船快速检测方法。首先,通过计算原灰度图的下采样序列,获得高斯降维图;其次,利用改进Sobel算法在粗分辨率下增强舰船的对比度,突显目标像素区域,用于区分降维图中目标与背景区域;再次,由于舰船目标与非舰船目标几何形状的不同,计算了长宽比、面积、区域矩形度等因子,结合先验信息鉴别大的舰船目标,同时剔除由于噪声、亮斑等引起的小虚警目标;最后,利用连通区域检测法标记出目标区域,实现海面目标的快速检测。实验结果表明:该方法具有一定的鲁棒性,能够快速、准确地实现海面舰船的自动检测。     

基于背景建模和前景建模的红外运动检测

为抑制了红外图像信噪比低、非静止背景等引起的虚警产生,将基于背景建模和前景建模运动检测(BM-FM)算法引入红外面目标检测中;为抑制因目标与背景对比度低引起的部分目标区域漏检,提出了基于空间邻域信息的前景建模方法(SNFM),利用前一帧图像在像素点邻域内的前景目标点为样本,用核密度估计进行前景建模.试验表明了基于该前景建模方法的BM-FM算法的有效性.     

融合神经网络与超像素的候选区域优化算法

为解决目标检测中候选区域召回率低的问题,提出融合神经网络与超像素的目标候选区域算法。该算法利用神经网络提取更能清楚表达目标边界的特征,并使用聚类、相似性等策略,计算每个滑动窗口所含有的边缘信息量;将待测图像使用简单线性迭代聚类算法分割成若干个超像素,并利用超像素的空间位置、完整性、相邻超像素间的对比度信息,计算各个超像素的显著性得分及每个滑动窗口的显著性得分;根据每个滑动窗口的边缘信息及显著性得分筛选滑动窗口。在PASCAL VOC 2007测试集上进行对比实验,其实验结果表明:所述算法能够快速产生定位质量高的候选区域。     

基于人类视觉机制的红外目标检测方法

针对红外小目标图像信噪比低,背景复杂等特点,提出一种基于人类视觉系统对比机制的红外小目标检测方法。该方法充分模拟人眼视觉系统对比机制,通过图像局部视觉对比度显著图及自适应阈值选取,锁定感兴趣目标区域,实现对红外图像中弱小目标的精确检测。与Top-hat和逐个像素对比度计算的检测方法进行了对比,实验结果表明所提出的方法能够在低信噪比条件下更有效地检测红外弱小目标。     

智能监视系统中红外运动目标检测

本文使用一种基于Cauchy分布统计背景模型的背景剔除（background subtraction）技术成功地实现了对低分辨率红外视频目标的检测。提出以柯西分布作为斧景图像像素强度比值的统计分布模型,并融合图像局部线性相关技术实现背景剔除。该方法同时利用了单个像素点的时序统计特性和邻近像素点所蕴涵的空间区域特性,实现了精确的目标检测。最后的实验表明,所提供的算法可以对室外场景中的红外视频目标实现精确地检测,可以有效地抑制背景中杂波的干扰。     

机载视觉自主着陆过程中的跑道提取方法

跑道直线参数的准确提取,是机载视觉完成自主着陆过程的重要条件.首先在边缘图像的基础上利用相位编组算法,得到当前边缘图像中大量的线段,根据线段之间的角度,端点距离,以及线段两边的灰度均值,设计了一套规则来定量描述线段之间的亲近性,根据亲近值,将处于同一直线上的短线段首尾连接成长线段.取最长的若干条线段待选,再利用跑道区域的先验知识,主要是跑道内外的灰度对比信息,将位于同一条跑道的两条边缘上的线段识别出来.大量的实际图像结果验证了算法的有效性.     

一种高分辨率SAR图像水上桥梁目标识别新方法

首先采用灰度均值和方差二维特征模糊分割SAR图像,其次基于8邻域链码跟踪边界法剔除植被、阴影等虚警,然后通过水体轮廓搜索潜在桥梁ROI点并进行直线拟合、线段连接和线段延拓,消除河心洲、船只和条纹干扰等影响确定疑似桥梁ROI,最后采用双参CFAR检测法分割桥梁ROI,根据目标主轴方向和周长等特征消除桥梁ROI内的虚假目标,识别和定位桥梁。实验表明,该算法能够准确识别水上桥梁目标,对条纹干扰的桥梁和灰度梯度较弱的桥梁同样有效。     

一种梯度变换的水下图像对比度增强算法

在水下激光成像系统中,针对海水对光的散射而引起的图像对比度下降的特点提出了一种自适应改变图像梯度来增强水下图像对比度的算法.该算法分三步时图像进行处理:首先利用双边滤波器对图像进行滤波,以消除噪声;其次根据图像的局部灰度强度,对图像梯度进行处理;曩后通过解泊松方程,将处理后的梯度图像还原成灰度图像,实验结果表明:该算法...     

方向矩异源图像匹配算法

全天候高精度导航与制导需要可靠的可见光与红外、可见光与合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Apeture Radar,SAR)的异源图像匹配算法。提出了一种基于方向矩的异源图像匹配算法:利用像素层次设计异源不变特征,描述像素点与其邻域各方向相似程度,通过统计比较各像素的相似性测度,实现不同传感器图像间的可靠匹配。进行了批量图像匹配实验,在可见光与红外、可见光与SAR异源图像间取得了超过90%的匹配正确率。较传统异源匹配算法,该算法大大提高了匹配正确率,在导航与制导领域有广阔的应用前景。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.