TiO_2/ACF复合光催化材料的制备及性能

用适宜载体将粉体材料固定是提高光催化材料稳定性的关键。采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为原料,选取活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体,制备了TiO2/ACF复合光催化材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热分析仪(DSC-TG)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术对复合光催化材料的结构进行了表征分析。在紫外光照射下,通过对甲醛气体的光催化降解,考察了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、负载次数和负载时间等不同制备条件对复合光催化材料结构和性能的影响,结果表明:当煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为2h,负载3次,负载时间为6min制备的TiO2/ACF光催化性能最佳。     

La掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解TNT的动力学

以掺杂La的纳米TiO2作光催化剂,研究了光催化降解TNT的动力学规律,考察了TNT初始质量浓度、催化剂用量、初始pH、通氧速率及光照强度等因素对TNT光催化降解的影响。试验结果表明：在不同初始质量浓度、初始pH、通氧速率、光照强度及催化剂用量为0．3～2．0g／L的条件下,TNT光催化降解反应遵循拟一级动力学规律,且可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型描述;当催化剂用量为0．1g／L时,该反应可认为是震缀反应．     

TiO2／AC复合光催化剂的制备及表征

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,然后浸渍到活性炭（AC）上制得负载型TiO2/AC复合光催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X－射线衍射对其进行了分析表征。TiO2/AC复合光催化剂对CNCl和Freon-22的吸附光催化具有较高的能力。AC为TiO2提供了高浓度环境从而促进了反应速率。     

纳米TiO2光催化降解VX模拟剂DMAPT中金属离子和Fenton试剂的加速作用

以500W中压汞灯为光源研究了在助剂Ag^ ,Cu^2 ,Fe^3 ,H2O2,Fe^2 H2O2作用下,VX模拟剂乙酰甲胺磷（DMAPT）在TiO2悬浮液中的光催化降解。实验表明：上述5个因素都能够加速DMAPT的降解,但最强的因素是UV＋Fe^2 H2O2(UV Fenton试剂）,20min即可降解完全,而不加助剂20min只降解35％,此外。还初步探讨了Fenton试剂在光催化体系中的作用。这对今后研究VX的光催化消毒具有较高的参考价值。     

活性炭纤维吸附水中苯酚的研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附水中苯酚。温度为15～20℃,流速为8mL／min时,浓度为10mg／L的苯酚去除率达98％以上。活性炭纤维经20次吸附与解吸实验,吸附性能没有明显降低。与颗粒状活性炭(GAC)相比,活性炭纤维吸附苯酚的速度快,在短时间内,就能达到吸附平衡。经测定：活性炭纤维孔径分布窄、比表面积大,表面还含有多种含氧基团。     

La掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了镧掺杂TiO2粉体材料,利用DSC—TG和XRD进行了结构表征,以TNT为目标降解物研究了其光催化性能。结果表明,La掺杂抑制了TiO2的晶粒增长和晶型的转变,适量的La掺杂提高了TiO2的光催化活性,La掺杂量（摩尔分数）为2％时光催化活性最佳,La掺杂过量会降低其光催化活性。     

纳米TiO2光催化净化有害气体的研究

以钛酸正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在柔性材料上制备了中孔TiO2薄膜光催化剂,利用TEM和Raman研究了薄膜的表面及结构特性,以甲醛、氰化氢、苯的光催化氧化反应为试验反应,考察TiO2薄膜光催化剂的活性。结果表明,制得了具有中孔结构、结晶完好的锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜光催化剂,具有较好的光催化活性。     

La掺杂GO/TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用改进Hummer氧化法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),采用超声辅助溶胶凝胶法,以GO、硝酸镧、钛酸丁酯为原料制备La掺杂GO/Ti O_2复合材料。通过综合热分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见光谱仪等仪器对复合材料的结构及理化性质进行表征和分析。以紫外光(UV)照射下复合材料对甲醛的降解率为指标考察光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度、GO质量分数、La质量分数对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明,GO/Ti O_2复合材料对甲醛的降解率高于纯TiO_2,La的掺杂进一步提高了复合材料的光催化效率。煅烧温度为500℃,GO的质量分数为9%,La的质量分数为5%时复合材料对甲醛的降解率最佳,达到87.5%。     

N掺杂改性纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,尿素为N源,制备了N掺杂改性纳米Ti O2光催化材料;用XRD、DSC-TG、FT-IR、UV-Vis DRS、SEM-EDS等测试手段,对材料结构和性能进行了表征;利用光催化反应器,在紫外灯光照条件下考察了材料对水中苯酚的降解效果。结果表明:N掺杂改性使Ti O2晶粒更加细化,出现红移现象,光催化活性显著提高;在N掺杂量为5%(摩尔分数),煅烧温度为500℃,催化剂用量为2 g/L,500 W紫外灯光照条件下,光催化降解200 m L苯酚溶液(2 mg/L)的效果最佳;反应60 min后,苯酚降解率达到91.3%。     

无声放电降解甲基磷酸二甲酯

对甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)在空气、氧气和氮气介质中的无声放电降解性能进行了测定。在空气中,对于3．50mg／L的DMMP,当放电功率为17W时,最高分解率可达到58％;在同样条件下,对于1．73mg／L的DMMP,分解率可达到79％。催化剂(CoO/γ-Al2O3)的加入可明显提高其分解反应的效率。对其反应机理的推测和反应产物的识别正在研究中。     

Formation and characterization of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite prepared by spray-drying technique

The core-shell 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (CL-20/TNT) composite was prepared by spray-drying method in which sensitive high energy explosive (CL-20) was coated with insensitive explosive (TNT). The structure and properties of different formulations of CL-20/TNT composite and CL-20/TNT mixture were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Laser particle size analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity test and detonation performance. The results of SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD show that ϵ-CL-20 particles are coated by TNT. When the ratio of CL-20/TNT is 75/25, core-shell structure is well formed, and thickness of the shell is about 20–30 nm. And the analysis of heat and impact show that with the increase of TNT content, the TNT coating on the core-shell composite material can not only catalyze the thermal decomposition of core material (CL-20), but also greatly reduce the impact sensitivity. Compared with the CL-20/TNT mixture (75/25) at the same ratio, the characteristic drop height of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite (75/25) increased by 47.6% and the TNT coating can accelerate the nuclear decomposition in the CL-20/TNT composites. Therefore, the preparation of the core-shell composites can be regarded as a unique means, by which the composites are characterized by controllable decomposition rate, high energy and excellent mechanical sensitivity and could be applied to propellants and other fields.     

基于高压脉冲等离子体技术的TNT废水处理研究

针对报废弹药处理过程中产生的TNT废水毒性大、处理难的特点,分析TNT废水的特性和当前处理方法现状,提出基于高压脉冲等离子体技术的TNT废水处理方法;分析脉冲等离子体对废水的处理降解机理,给出双向窄脉冲电源和气液固三相反应器的设计方案．研究表明,利用脉冲放电等离子体技术可提高TNT废水的处理效率,有效解决报废弹药TNT废水处理难题．     

Thermal hazard assessment of TKX-50-based melt-cast explosive

In the present study, thermal hazards of TNT and DNAN used as the molten binder in TKX-50-based melt-cast explosives were comparatively studied through accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and Cook-off experiments. Two kinds of ARC operation modes were performed to investigate the thermal safety performance under adiabatic conditions (HWS mode) and constant heating (CHR mode). The obtained results demonstrated that at both heating modes, DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the thermal safety point of view. However, the sensitivity to heat of the samples was reverse because of the different heating modes. In addition, the results of thermal hazard assessment obtained from the cook-off experiment complied with ARC analysis which indicated the molten binder TNT replaced by DNAN would reduce the hazard of the TKX-50 melt cast explosive. Furthermore, the results of cook-off experiments also showed that DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the aspect of thermal stability, which was consistent with the result of CHR mode because of the similar heating process.     

一种基于AMDF和ACF的基音周期提取算法研究

文中提出一种基于短时平均幅度差分函数(AMDF)和短时自相关函数(ACF)的基音周期提取算法。首先,将每帧语音信号通过AMDF算法进行计算,然后把得到的AMDF数值再通过ACF算法进行计算,得出每帧信号的基音周期,最后运用动态平滑技术计算出最终语音信号的基音周期。通过仿真实现该算法,并同基于MAMDF和ACF的基音周期提取算法进行比较。     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

TNT生物代谢的可能途径

因具有毒性和三致作用,污染环境介质中TNT去除倍受关注。为了能更有效地去除TNT,在总结大量文献的基础上,主要从TNT反应性质方面探讨其生物代谢途径。TNT的结构决定了TNT难于生物氧化、易于生物还原。TNT还原以硝基基团的序批式还原为主,一些中间代谢产物还会相互作用生成聚合物,产物TAT需在严格厌氧条件下生成;TNT的芳烃环也可实现加氢脱硝还原,以利于下一步反应的进行;此外,TNT可同时发生硝基还原和芳烃环还原,两条途径的中间产物还会相互作用生成一些聚合物。TNT的氧化以间接氧化为主,直接氧化很少。由于TNT本身结构的复杂性、反应条件或介质的不同、中间产物的多样性,使得TNT代谢途径还具有很大的不确定性,故仍需进行深入研究。     

残差域加权ACF基音周期检测算法

针对传统自相关(ACF)基音周期检测算法存在较多的倍频和半频错误,文章提出一种基于线性预测残差域加权ACF基音周期检测方法。首先对语音信号中心削波,减小共振峰的影响;而后进行线性预测分析获得残差信号,对其求自相关值和循环幅度差(CAMDF)值,以CAMDF的倒数值为权重加权ACF进行基音周期检测;最后通过基音平滑算法对提取的基音轨迹进行后处理。仿真实验表明,该算法可降低基音提取的倍频和半频错误,提高估计精度。     

爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射初始参数的计算

本文计算了爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射时的初始参数。计算中选用的五种炸药是TNT(p_0为1.64g/cm~3,1.45g/cm~3)、RDX(p_0为1.59g/cm~3,1.76g/cm~3,1.80g/cm~3)、RDX/TNT(77/23)(p_0为1.75g/cm~3)、Pentolite(p_0为1.65g/cm~3,1.68g/cm~3)和B 炸药(p_0为1.71g/cm~3);三种介质是铁、铜和铝。     

土壤胡敏酸质量分数对TNT吸附-解吸的影响

研究了TNT在去有机质茶园土、茶园土原土、胡敏酸质量分数2%茶园土和胡敏酸质量分数5%茶园土共4种土壤上的吸附动理学以及吸附-解吸行为。动理学实验表明,胡敏酸质量分数越高,土壤吸附的TNT越多,快吸附和慢吸附区分越明显,吸附达到饱和状态所需的时间越长。吸附-解吸实验表明,TNT在土壤上的吸附-解吸特性与土壤胡敏酸质量分数有关:胡敏酸质量分数越高,土壤吸附TNT的能力越强,解吸能力越弱,解吸滞后性越显著。4种土壤的胡敏酸质量分数顺序由大至小为胡敏酸质量分数5%茶园土、胡敏酸质量分数2%茶园土、茶园土原土、去有机质茶园土;土壤吸附TNT能力和TNT解吸滞后性皆与此顺序一致,而TNT解吸能力则与此顺序相反。