肋骨、舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳水下声振特性的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元方法对不同肋骨、舱壁布置形式的圆柱壳的流固耦合响应进行了计算。通过波数谱方法,结合柱壳规则波的声辐射效率,对不同波数成分结构波的振动与声辐射进行了量化。运用等间距与不等间距结构振动理论揭示了肋骨、舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射特性产生影响的机理。研究发现:结构不等间距布置的圆柱壳水下振动特性整体上较优,但受壳体周向振动模式影响较大;结构不等间距布置的圆柱壳声辐射特性并不一定优于结构等间距布置的圆柱壳声辐射特性。     

应用波数谱分析纵向构件对双层圆柱壳振动与声辐射的影响

为研究纵向构件对双层圆柱壳振动与声辐射特性影响的一般规律,首先采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元方法计算出增加纵向构件前后双层圆柱壳轻外壳的振动响应;然后,采用波数谱分析的方法将它们在波数域上进行波形分离,并得出它们法向速度振动功率波数谱和辐射声功率波数谱;最后,通过对两模型不同波数谱的比较分析,总结了纵向构件对结构振动模式的影响以及结构振动模式与辐射声功率间的关系。研究表明:纵向构件对圆柱壳轻外壳周向阶的振动影响不大,它的加强会减小轻外壳轴向长波振动的幅值,但能增加其平均辐射效率。     

圆柱壳的力辐射模态分析与噪声控制

为了能定量优化设备激振力布置,基于结构有限元耦合流体边界元法给出了力辐射模态的计算方法,分析了圆柱壳结构的力辐射模态特性。根据分析结果提出了对圆柱壳辐射噪声进行控制所需的激振力控制原则,并采用数值预报的方法证实了该原则的有效性。     

轴向移动内压力梁动力学的动网格法

面向轴向移动内压力梁结构动力学特性研究,采用Lagrangian方法建立了轴向移动内压力梁的运动控制方程,基于有限元动网格法对轴向移动梁运动控制方程进行离散。将内压力作为边界条件,采用Newmark-β时间积分方法计算轴向移动梁动力学响应,并开展动力学特性研究。结果表明,建立的有限元动网格模型能够有效地实现轴向移动内压力梁动力学响应计算。轴向移动内压力梁在收缩运动过程中,自由端振动频率将逐渐增加。悬臂长度对梁自由端振动频率具有显著影响。同时,结构振动频率随内压力的增加而增加。本文中建立的有限元动网格模型能够为轴向移动内压力梁动力学研究提供新方法。     

无障板水下声辐射特性的参数影响规律研究

平板作为工程结构最常见的形式,探讨其振声性能的基本变化规律对指导结构减振降噪设计具有重要意义。首先,基于各向同性材料无障板振声理论,推导了无障板的声压积分方程;然后,将结构的动力方程代入无障板形式的振速方程中,通过离散声压差值和叠加板的振动模态位移,并参考有障板的声辐射阻抗表达形式,得到无障板的声辐射阻抗,进而求解振动和声辐射响应;最后,以水下简支矩形板为例,计算对比了声辐射参数,分析了模量、密度、厚度、损耗等对无障板振声性能的影响规律。结果表明:板的刚度、阻尼均可直接影响结构的振动,材料模量、厚度以及损耗因子参数越大,壳板的减振降噪性能越优越。     

基于遗传算法的复合材料圆柱壳水下声辐射优化

为了降低艇体的振动噪声,建立了复合材料圆柱壳的有限元模型,并对其水下振动和声辐射特性进行了研究。在此基础上,分析了复合材料圆柱壳水下声辐射的优化模型;基于遗传优化算法,以复合材料铺层角度为设计变量,以流固耦合面内辐射声压的最大值为优化目标,进行了优化分析。结果表明:对复合材料圆柱壳的铺层角度进行优化设计可以有效提高其声辐射性能,相比对称铺层方式,优化后的远场辐射声压级在50～300Hz频段内平均降低了3.6dB。该结果验证了优化设计的有效性,为下一步进行大型复杂水下结构的声辐射优化研究提供了一定的思路。     

舱壁振动对环肋圆柱壳舱段振声性能的影响

舱壁振动会传递到相连壳体部分,进而影响圆柱壳舱段振动和声辐射。为明确舱壁振动对环肋圆柱壳振声性能的影响,利用FEM/BEM法从舱壁边界条件和结构参数变化两个方面进行了数值计算,分别讨论了舱壁约束条件、舱段截取尺寸、舱壁封板形状、舱壁厚度及加强筋形式变化的影响规律。结果表明:研究有限长环肋圆柱壳振声性能时,两端边界简支边界是可取的;舱段截取对计算结果有较大的影响;改变舱壁形状对壳体振动均方速度级峰值影响较大;增加舱壁厚度和舱壁加筋对圆柱壳振声性能的影响要分频段考虑,总体来说对改善舱段振声性能有利。     

有限长圆柱壳结构声学设计模型

为进一步明确有限长圆柱壳结构的声学设计模型,推导了具有任意边界条件的任意封闭结构在模态坐标下的流固耦合声辐射有限元/边界元求解方法,利用该方法分析了采用刚性圆板封闭的两端简支有限长圆柱壳在考虑流固耦合影响时的振动和声辐射规律,并与不考虑流固耦合影响、采用单位长度附加质量近似处理流固耦合、考虑流固耦合影响并且用半无限长圆...     

纵桁对环肋圆柱壳体水下振动与声辐射的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元的附加质量附加阻尼算法,对具有不同数量纵桁的加筋环肋圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射噪声进行了数值计算,并对数值计算结果进行了初步的比较和分析,讨论了纵桁的数量对圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射的影响.结果表明:纵桁对圆柱壳水下的减振降噪有较好的效果,并且纵桁的数量越多,减振降噪效果越好,但增加纵桁的数量也相应增加了艇体的重量,在潜艇结构设计时须在降噪及艇体重量间综合权衡.     

壳间声桥刚度对双层圆柱壳声振耦合特性的影响

考虑实肋板的面内振动,建立了通过声桥耦合的双层圆柱壳声振模型,计算了双层圆柱壳在不同壳间连接刚度下的振声性能,分析了壳间声桥刚度对双层壳声振耦合特性的影响,得出了声桥耦合特性的主要控制频带.结果表明:壳间声桥刚度直接影响双层壳耦合方式;当实肋板刚度较大时,在低频,水层的耦合作用表现略强,在较高的频率范围,实肋板的耦合作用要大得多;当实肋板刚度较小,尤其是接近壳间流体的等效刚度时,壳间流体耦合作用较强,是主要的声传递通道,壳体辐射声功率较小,对减振降噪有利.在保证壳体刚度的情况下,尽量减小壳间连接刚度可有效降低壳体辐射噪声.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.