地空导弹反导作战拦截次数计算模型及仿真

在分析地空导弹武器系统拦截来袭目标过程的基础上,通过分析地空导弹发射区纵深建立了地空导弹武器系统可拦截次数模型.利用该模型可计算地空导弹武器系统对单个来袭目标在杀伤区内的拦截次数.仿真结果揭示了地空导弹武器系统在不同目标特性(速度、高度、航路捷径)下对目标的可拦截次数的影响.     

地空导弹群火力优化分配模型

地空导弹群火力优化分配是对多批空中目标分别选择最有效的地空导弹火力单元进行拦截,形成最佳兵力、兵器使用方案,它是地空导弹武器指控系统的一项重要功能。从研究地空导弹群火力优化分配过程出发,建立了地空导弹拦截适宜性检查模型、射击优先度指标计算模型和火力分配方案优化模型,为仿真地空导弹群火力优化分配过程提供了模型依据。     

地空导弹在火力对抗条件下的生存能力

在火力对抗条件下地空导弹提高生存能力的主要办法是避免被空中目标过早发现,尽早对空中目标进行火力拦截,提高在对抗过程中的拦截次数,增大每次对空中目标进行大力拦截的杀伤概率,直接拦截空袭武器和提高自身抗毁伤的能力。     

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响

角度闪烁干扰对地空导弹火力拦截能力的影响,是电子对抗部队迫切需要解决却又缺乏系统研究的难题。为解决这一难点问题,首先在研究杀伤区纵深和掩护扇区受干扰变化的基础上,分析了双机闪烁干扰对地空导弹射击目标脱靶量及射击次数的影响,然后建立了角度闪烁干扰条件下地空导弹对目标的合成杀伤概率计算模型,最后通过算例验证模型的有效性,得出了具有实用价值的结论,可为空袭作战中作战效能评估提供参考。     

电子战对地空导弹拦截行动影响分析

基于地空导弹(红方)对空中编队(蓝方)的拦截过程中的薄弱环节以及蓝方对红方实施的电子战措施的分析,对蓝方实施的电子战对红方拦截行动的影响进行了定量评估,得出蓝方突防概率与电子战综合作战效能之间的函数关系。仿真结果表明,对地空导弹拦截的每一环节都可以有效地实施电子战,削弱地空导弹的拦截能力。     

一种新型的目标分配形式及算法

提出了一种新型的目标分配形式--顺序攻击目标分配形式,并以地空导弹拦截攻击机机群为研究对象,给出了均匀目标分配形式和顺序攻击目标分配形式,以及在机群无干扰武器和有干扰武器状态下,地空导弹拦截效果的算法模型.数值分析表明,顺序攻击目标分配形式有较好的攻击效果.     

基于HLA的地空导弹拦截仿真系统的开发

高层体系结构HLA建立一个通用的仿真框架,以解决不同仿真器、模型之间的互操作及仿真组件的可重用性问题.针对当前空防对抗的主要特点,在地空导弹拦截的数学模型的基础上,利用HLA技术框架,详细地叙述了地空导弹拦截仿真系统的开发过程.仿真试验表明该系统能有效评估地空导弹火力单元对来袭目标的有效抗击效率和火力范围,为地空导弹火力单元的部署和作战效能的改进提供辅助决策手段.     

“爱国者”—北约90年代的地空导弹

苏联已成功地研制出了一种新型的战术地空导弹。其有效射程仅次于大型战略地空导弹。它较小的体积使它比西方具有相同射程的导弹系统更易运输;其独特的制导系统使它更具有抗多种形式干抗的能力;其可靠性和有效性已被证实,而且已开始输出到它的盟国;其摧毁战术导弹的能力也被证实,而且预估稍加改进到1995年将使其射程增加一倍,扩展了攻击区,即使目标消失在雷达水平线之下,也能够拦截目标。     

地空导弹抗击TBM杀伤区仿真研究

如何有效确定地空导弹反导杀伤区一直是地空导弹反导作战过程中一个难题,因此提出一种确定杀伤区的仿真方法.首先通过建立拦截弹抗击TBM目标的拦截模型,通过仿真,得到大量的拦截遭遇点数据,采用三次样条函数和分段插值的方法,对这些数据进行处理.先确定出垂直杀伤区的边界,然后确定水平杀伤区边界,并进行修正,近似地确定出杀伤区.仿真获得的地空导弹杀伤区经过验证,是可以接受的.这些研究成果将为反导部署和作战指挥等提供一些理论指导,具有一定理论和应用价值.     

弹道导弹自由段拦截窗口建模与仿真

为有效应对战术弹道导弹的威胁,必须提高拦截系统对目标的预警和探测能力。合适的拦截窗口对拦截效果将起到关键作用。根据拦截窗口的定义,给出了最早拦截点与最晚拦截点的确定方法;提出了通过弹道导弹的飞行弹道求解自由段拦截窗口的计算方法。并以弹道导弹为拦截目标进行了仿真分析。算例仿真说明,拦截弹的拦截低界以及弹道导弹的关机点速度是影响拦截窗口的主要因素。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.