基于免疫遗传算法的无人机航路规划

基于免疫遗传算法的原理,建立了一种在三维复杂地形下,协同考虑地面等待和任务执行两阶段的无人机航路规划模型.首先,使用了生成三维等效地形图的方法;其次,根据所得的地形图,提出了一种改进的分组寻优免疫遗传算法用于搜索最优航路,提高了搜索效率.该算法先用预处理解空间和免疫记忆特性的方法来产生初始解群体,再用免疫遗传算法的特性搜索满足无人机机动特性约束的航路点集,最后使用准均匀B样条曲线,将航路点连接起来的有向线段进行修改、光顺,使航路安全可飞.仿真的结果证明采用的模型是合理有效的.     

遗传算法的泛函极值求解与应用

路径规划可以描述为泛函极值模型.针对传统的变分法、最大值原理等求解泛函目标函数类型有限的局限性,考虑遗传算法在解空间中进行随机优化搜索的特点,引入遗传算法对泛函极值问题进行求解,给出了求解过程.该方法具有广泛适应性,数值仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性和合理性.最后得到了飞行器飞行的最优控制规律和最优路径.     

应召螺旋搜索下的潜艇规避策略

应召螺旋搜索是对潜搜索中的一种常用方法,针对潜艇如何规避搜索研究了搜索模型,通过分析发现潜艇选择不同的航向会影响潜艇规避成功的概率,并通过仿真试验进行了验证.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的水下目标搜索技术

水下运动目标搜索是工程应用中急需解决的一个实际问题,在已知某一目标的可疑初始位置后,目标的航向、航速将随机变化且未知,搜索器按照哪种搜索方式才能有效实现对水下目标的搜索,其搜索概率随哪些因素变化,都是需要深入研究的问题.在建立了水下目标运动模型的基础上,以螺旋形搜索为例,建立了基于螺旋形搜索的水下目标搜索模型,并利用门特卡罗方法仿真分析了搜索器探测间距、水下目标运动速度和航向变化范围等因素对搜索器搜索概率的影响,为系统分析、比较各种水下目标搜索方法的搜索效能奠定了基础.     

快速整周模糊度求解在高精度GPS定位和导航中的应用

探讨了一种GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解方法,分析了搜索空间中的独立变量,推导出了新的传递矩阵.该矩阵将所有的测量残差直接和最小求解搜索空间相关联,通过仅选择那些与卫星几何尺寸和测量残差一致的模糊度的组合,搜索空间被最小化.仿真结果表明,与目前最常用的搜索方法-LAMBDA方法相比,提出的快速求解方法可以改善计算效率,缩短模糊度求解时间.     

软件可靠性分配的遗传模型研究

对软件可靠性分配的遗传模型进行了研究,结合相关知识缩小了基本遗传算法的搜索区域,比较灵活地处理了非线性约束条件,提高了搜索效率,避免了早熟收敛现象.此外,在基本遗传算法中增加了保优操作,从而能够在理论上保证实现分配的最优化.算例表明,该算法十分有效.     

基于粒子群遗传算法的多无人机协同路径搜索

为解决不确定环境中多无人机路径搜索针对性不强、效率低问题,提出一种基于粒子群遗传算法的多无人机协同路径搜索方法.建立区域栅格图环境和搜索概率图模型,采取滚动预测的方式,提出使用协同粒子群遗传算法生成预测路径,通过适应度函数确定最优搜索路径,该路径满足无人机最小转弯半径限制,并能实现威胁区域规避和重点区域加强搜索.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.     

考虑随机回放的卫星数传调度问题的一种求解方法

针对考虑随机回放的卫星数传调度问题,从置换空间到调度解空间的映射方法和置换空间的搜索算法两方面进行了研究.提出了一种时间窗优先的置换序列映射算法,并证明该映射算法可以将置换序列映射到调度解空间上的最优解.提出了一种遗传随机搜索算法,基于有记忆功能的随机邻域搜索,在置换空间上搜索产生优化调度的置换序列.仿真计算表明,遗传随机搜索算法可以增强遗传算法的局部搜索能力,在搜索结果上平均获得了2.72%的改进.     

一种运用遗传算法确定船舶航向控制模糊规则的方法

为了克服船舶航向控制模糊规则确定过程中的盲目性,引入一种与之相适应的遗传算法,以使结果成为某种意义下的最优解,从而从根本上解决这一重要问题.文中运用Matlab的C语言MEX-文件技术,将遗传算法源代码与Matlab直接结合起来,利用后者的强大建模能力,建立起完整的仿真模型.仿真结果表明,船舶的航向控制能力得到明显改善.     

潜艇规避反潜潜艇平行航向法再搜索研究

对反潜游艇使用平行航向法再搜索进行了分析、建模,针对不同的初始距离、延迟时间对我潜艇采取不同的规避航向、航速进行了计算机仿真,得到了我潜艇机动规避成功概率较高的航向航速设置;并深入分析了初始距离和延迟时间对敌潜艇采用平行航向法再搜索发现我潜艇概率的影响,对我潜艇再搜索方法研究也有一定的参考价值.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.