基于包膜铝粉的低明度低发射率涂层制备及其应用

针对车辆等装备的低温热源部位红外隐身受限于红外特性屏蔽与可见光隐身特性兼容的难点，提出了一种基于包膜铝粉技术的低明度低发射率涂层制备方法。首先，利用油酸刻蚀包膜铝粉，显著降低了铝粉的明度，同时不影响其发射率性能；然后，利用包膜铝粉与玻璃微珠、红外透明颜料、树脂等相结合，成功制备了明度低于38、8～12μm发射率低于0.48的红外隐身涂层，并将该涂层应用于车辆轮毂以及舰船模型的喷涂。结果表明：该方法所制备的涂层在显著降低目标亮度的同时，还能有效屏蔽目标的红外辐射特性，达到良好的光学与红外兼容隐身效果，可用于车辆等装备的低温热源部位红外隐身。     

低发射率伪装涂层辐射特性影响因素的理论分析

涂层的辐射特性直接影响其红外性能。为了分析伪装涂层辐射特性的影响因素,对基于Kubelka-Munk理论的涂层辐射特性模型进行了深入分析,得到了涂层表观发射率和表观反射率的数学表达式。在此基础上,利用数学方法详细讨论了涂层厚度、填料粒子体积分数和粒子尺寸对低发射率伪装涂层辐射特性的影响方式和影响程度。结论不仅适用于低发射率伪装涂层,对一些其他功能性伪装涂层的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

热红外降温-相变复合隐身涂层的研究

伪装技术和红外探测技术的迅速发展,双波段热像仪能够很容易地识别出传统热隐身涂层下的目标.为了更好地实现隐身,从红外融合思想出发,提出了热红外相变-降温复合隐身涂层,并对涂层的作用原理及可行性进行了论述.复合涂层的面层(降温涂层)强调对背景辐射的吸收越少越好;底层(相变涂层)则强调目标的表观温度与背景温度相对一致.实验结果表明,该复合隐身涂层同时具备调节发射率和温度的功能,不仅能对付双波段热像仪的侦察,而且适用于单调背景或复杂背景下的伪装.     

红外发射率可变材料在航天器热控技术中的应用

基于热致变色和电致变色的可变发射率涂层或器件由于其重量轻、体积小、能耗少、调控灵活等优点在航天器热控技术中具有极大的应用前景.红外发射率可变材料是可变发射率涂层或器件的核心,主要有电致变发射率材料和热致变发射率材料两类.分析了红外发射率可变材料在航天器热控中应用的原理,重点介绍了钙钛矿型复合氧化物(A1-xBxMO3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、三氧化钨(WO3)、导电高分子(CPs)等四类典型红外发射率可变材料应用于航天器热控的研究进展.根据航天器总体和热控技术的发展需求,指出了未来航天器热控用红外发射率可变材料的发展趋势.     

热红外伪装涂料用于新型填料的合成和应用

提出了降低热红外伪装涂料发射率的新途径,并据此进行研究,合成了一系列的新填料－席夫碱。利用环化胶,颜料,席夫碱配制了绿色和土黄色涂料,测得其最低发射率分别是０．６９和０．６３;对席夫碱影响涂料发射率的机理进行了初步研究。     

坦克红外隐形涂料的设计

简要阐述了坦克红外隐形的重要性,并从涂料的红外发射率、太阳能吸收率、涂层的表面结构以及涂料的组分选择等方面提出了坦克红外隐形涂料的设计原则。     

热红外伪装效果的实验评价

目标在红外光谱区的可探测率是由目标和所在背景的辐射特征差异决定的。温差ΔＴ,发射率差Δε以及这些差异有目标区和背景上的分布都具重要性此,为了使辐射特征 最大限度地适应背景,伪装方法必须解决这两方面的问题     

纳微米材料影响环氧涂层耐磨性的试验研究

为了提高环氧粘涂层的耐磨性,本试验通过在环氧胶粘剂中加入纳、微米填料,研究了纳微米填料对环氧胶粘剂涂层耐磨性的影响规律。试验结果表明,加入纳米级填料环氧胶粘剂涂层的相对耐磨性明显优于微米级填料;加入纳微米复合填料其相对耐磨性为正火态45钢的2.57倍,和纯环氧胶粘剂涂层相比,提高幅度可达2.85倍,而仅加入纳米填料的胶粘剂,其涂层耐磨性只增加了1.97倍。     

高发射率远红外涂料的理论分析与实验研究

运用分子振动光谱、红外涂层模型和红外吸收系数迭加性等理论,对所选择的粘合剂、颜料和填料及其配制成的远红外涂料进行了详细的实验研究。结果表明,该种涂料是一种在8～12μm波段具有较强吸收性能的远红外涂料。     

三色红外伪装系统

在殆伪装系统的红外波段具有低、中、高热发射率的黑色,绿色、棕色伪装支组成。伪装目标 可见光区的颜色与自然背景相一致;红外区,通过不同发射率涂料、材料巧妙地组合或穿孔,使伪装目标表面平均发射率与周围背景相适应,使目标不易被红外探测仪所识别。该伪系统还可制作假目标。     

Effect of silicon carbide and wire-mesh reinforcements in dissimilar grade aluminium explosive clad composites

Aluminium composites are inevitable in the manufacture of aircraft structural elements owing to less weight, superior corrosion resistance and higher specific properties. These composites reduce the weight of the aircraft, improve the fuel efficiency and enhance the maintenance duration. This study proposes the development of dissimilar grade aluminium (aluminium 1100-aluminium 5052) composites with different reinforcement’s viz., stainless steel wire-mesh, silicon carbide (SiC) powders and SiC powder interspersed wire-mesh, by explosive cladding technique. Wire-mesh enhances the friction and restricts the movement of flyer plate to craft a defect free clad, while SiC particles form a band on the interface. Highest strength is obtained when SiC powder interspersed wire mesh is employed as reinforcement. The dissimilar aluminium explosive clad with SiC particle reinforcement results in lower strength, which is higher than that of the weaker parent alloy and that of the conventional dissimilar aluminium explosive clads without any reinforcement.     

Influence of process parameters on physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on mild steel in friction surfacing

An attempt is made in the present study to obtain the relationships among process parameters and physical dimensions of AA6063 aluminium alloy coating on IS2062 mild steel obtained through friction surfacing and their impact on strength and ductility of the coating. Factorial experimental design technique was used to investigate and select the parameter combination to achieve a coating with adequate strength and ductility. Spindle speed, axial force and table traverse speed were observed to be the most significant factors on physical dimensions. It was observed that the thickness of the coating decreased as the coating width increased. In addition, the width and thickness of the coatings are higher at low and high torques. At intermediate torque values, when the force is high, the width of the coating is high, and its thickness is thin; and when the force is low, the width and thickness are low. The interaction effect between axial force(F)-table traverse speed(Vx) and spindle speed(N)-table traverse speed(Vx) produced an increasing effect on coating width and thickness, but other interactions exhibited decreasing influence. It has also been observed that sound coatings could be obtained in a narrow set of parameter range as the substrate-coating materials are metallurgically incompatible and have a propensity to form brittle intermetallics.     

坦克射击过程中炮膛内火药气体温度计算

坦克射击后出现炮膛内壁烧蚀及身管温度上升等问题,其首要因素为火药爆炸燃烧所产生的高温气体。应用内弹道零维模型,以空间平均热力学参数描述坦克射击过程中炮膛内弹道状态,采用四阶龙格一库塔法求解内弹道常微分方程组,计算出内弹道时期火药气体的压力、流速和温度等随时间的变化规律。应用指数函数拟合出后效期炮膛内火药气体温度公式,最后得到坦克整个射击过程中炮膛内火药气体温度的变化规律。通过计算结果与试验数据的对比,验证了计算结果的合理性。此计算结果可为坦克炮身管的烧蚀、热状况及红外辐射特性的研究提供理论依据。     

氮气保护法在微细铝粉生产中的应用

雾化空气法生产微细铝粉已有近 70年历史 ,但其生产过程极易发生爆炸 ,氮气由于其良好的防火性能 ,在生产中代替空气将会极大降低爆炸的可能性。     

Enhancement of wear and ballistic resistance of armour grade AA7075 aluminium alloy using friction stir processing

Industrial applications of aluminium and its alloys are restricted because of their poor tribological properties. Thermal spraying, laser surfacing, electron beam welding are the most widely used techniques to alter the surface morphology of base metal. Preliminary studies reveal that the coating and layering of aluminium alloys with ceramic particles enhance the ballistic resistance. Furthermore, among aluminium alloys,7075 aluminium alloy exhibits high strength which can be compared to that of steels and has profound applications in the designing of lightweight fortification structures and integrated protection systems. Having limitations such as poor bond integrity, formation of detrimental phases and interfacial reaction between reinforcement and substrate using fusion route to deposit hard particles paves the way to adopt friction stir processing for fabricating surface composites using different sizes of boron carbide particles as reinforcement on armour grade 7075 aluminium alloy as matrix in the present investigation. Wear and ballistic tests were carried out to assess the performance of friction stir processed AA7075 alloy. Significant improvement in wear resistance of friction stir processed surface composites is attributed to the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. It has also been observed that the surface metal matrix composites have shown better ballistic resistance compared to the substrate AA7075 alloy. Addition of solid lubricant Mo S2 has reduced the depth of penetration of the projectile to half that of base metal AA7075 alloy. For the first time, the friction stir processing technique was successfully used to improve the wear and ballistic resistances of armour grade high strength AA7075 alloy.     

基于武警部队发展隐藏爆炸物检测技术装备的理性思考

根据目前国外隐藏爆炸物检测技术装备研制的现状,分析国内在隐藏爆炸物检测技术装备方面存在的问题,从五个方面提出与论述了武警发展隐藏爆炸物检测技术装备的设想,对于提升部队利用现代化的反恐技术装备和手段同恐怖组织、恐怖分子作斗争,具有重要意义。     

磁控溅射工艺对CrN基复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基体上制备了不同质量分数Mo的CrMoN复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）和光电子能谱仪（XPS）,系统分析了CrMoN复合涂层的相结构、表面形貌、成分、原子化合价价态等,结果表明：添加Mo后,CrMoN涂层的择优取向由CrN涂层的（220）转变为（200）,CrMoN涂层中的Mo原子取代了CrN晶格中的Cr原子,形成（Cr,Mo）N置换固溶体。采用Nano Test 600硬度测试仪测定了CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度,结果表明：由于CrN相和MoN两种硬相的协同作用,使得CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度值增大。采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机测定了CrN涂层及CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数,结果表明：CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数低于CrN涂层,磨损过程中由于摩擦热反应生成大量MoO3,使得复合膜的摩擦因数降低,起到了一定的润滑效果,降低了磨损量。     

岸基光电综合警戒系统发展分析

介绍了红外警戒系统、激光警戒系统和紫外警戒系统的基本原理、探测方法及发展现状 ;比较了这 3种典型探测方法的优缺点 ;分析了岸基光电综合警戒系统的结构原理 ,探讨了它的发展趋势 .     

高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层性能研究

将低碳马氏体和3Cr13+AlRE伪合金高速电弧喷涂层进行了性能和组织结构的对比分析。实验结果表明,与伪合金涂层相比,低碳马氏体涂层呈现出更优异的力学性能、耐磨性能和机械加工性能。该涂层可用于发动机曲轴等零件的再制造。     

Feasibility of surface-coated friction stir welding tools to join AISI 304 grade austenitic stainless steel

An attempt is made to develop the tools that are capable enough to withstand the shear, impact and thermal forces that occur during friction stir welding of stainless steels. The atmospheric plasma spray and plasma transferred arc hardfacing processes are employed to deposit refractory ceramic based composite coatings on the Inconel 738 alloy. Five different combinations of self-fluxing alloy powder and 60% ceramic reinforcement particulate mixtures are used for coating. The best friction stir welding tool selected based on tool wear analysis is used to fabricate the austenitic stainless steel joints.