基于改进分形海浪谱的海浪模拟

摘 要:针对实验海谱只能表现海面的稳态特性而无法表现海面非稳态特性的问题,利用分形海谱作为Longuet-Higgins海面模型的靶谱以体现海面的动态特性.根据经典分形海谱在空间波数小于基波波数时不能满足正幂率的问题,利用海浪能量传递过程中的动态特性对归一化带限Weierstrass分形海谱的相关函数进行了改进,在相关函数中加入了与海面波长相关的指数因子以体现波长对相关长度的影响.对相关函数进行Fourier变换得到海谱,把改进后的分形海谱和有关文献的数据进行了对比,并进一步分析了分形维数、尺度因子、常量因子等参量对海面轮廓的影响.研究表明:改进分形海谱和P-M谱、文圣常谱和南海的实测数据都拟合得很好,海面轮廓会随分形参数及常量因子的变化而动态地改变,另外分形模型的性质在改进模型中依然适用,由此验证了该模型的有效性.     

Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin plate. The fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud eventually. Propagation models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere, which uses elliptic equations (corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space) to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction wave. The “Effective thickness” is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the sphere. The “Effective thickness” is directly related to the form of the debris cloud. The relation of the “Effective thickness” and the “Optimum thickness” is also discussed. The impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated theories. The results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact velocity. The curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact velocities. The predicted “Effective thickness” is consistent with the simulation results. The analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.     

雷达波吸收剂的研究进展

系统叙述了铁氧体、金属微粒、多晶铁纤维、纳米吸收剂和手征性吸收剂等吸收剂近年的研究发展状况,预测了吸收剂研究的未来发展趋势。     

高频地波超视距雷达述评

高频(HF)地波超视距雷达(GW-OTHR)利用雷达波束绕地表面衍射作用,能探测视距外的舰船、低空飞机和巡航导弹,不仅覆盖面积大、费用低,能弥补常规微波雷达低空盲区和天波超视距雷达的近距盲区,也无需注意电离层的变化,且可反隐身、抗反辐射导弹(ARM),因而在许多国家的国民经济和国防领域中得到了广泛的应用。论述了地波沿海面传播的特性和探测能力,并对超视距雷达的发展和应用进行了介绍。     

连续旋转爆震波传播模态试验

通过保持空气流量不变、改变H2/air当量比开展了连续旋转爆震对比试验,发现随当量比的降低出现三种传播模态:在较高的当量比(0.90~1.86)下,连续旋转爆震波以同向传播模态传播;在较低的当量比(≈0.75)下,则以双波对撞模态传播;在中间工况,则以上述混合模态维持传播。分析了不同传播模态下的高频压力特征,并初步分析了传播模态的转换机制:当量比较高时,爆震强度较高,传播过程中的损失和速度亏损相对较小,爆震波以同向传播模态维持传播;当量比较低时,爆震强度较低,传播过程中的损失和速度亏损较大,此时无法维持同向传播模态,而以双波对撞模态传播,这是由于双波对撞模态中的激波对撞产生高温环境,有利于燃烧放热,其可能是连续旋转爆震的极限传播模态。     

超声导波在管道中传播的可视化模拟研究

利用有限元方法建立管道导波3-D模型,通过在管道中激励纵向超声波,模拟导波在管道中的传播形态。根据回波信号的传播时间计算了纵波传播速度,与频散曲线得到的纵波速度符合较好。从观测点取得的波信号能够反映超声波在管道中传播时存在的反射和衰减现象,动画结果能够形象直观地反映导波在管道中传播的情形,实现了导波传播的可视化模拟。该研究有利于更好地解释导波在管道无损检测中出现的频散特征。     

行波推进仿生机器鱼

介绍5种常见的鱼类游动模式,分析讨论仿生机器鱼的生物学原型。基于对裸臀鱼属(gymnarchus niloticus)与裸背鳗属(gymnotus carapo)活体鱼的实验研究,建立了长背鳍扭转行波动态曲面的数学模型。依靠长鳍行波实现推进与控制的新型仿生机器鱼,其基本结构是"刚性身体"与"柔性背鳍"的组合,这有利于改善现有摆动式机器鱼的技术性能。裸臀鱼属与裸背鳗属鱼类可作为发展特种机器鱼潜艇的生物学原型,以提高现行水下航行器的效率和机动性能。     

非磁化等离子体与电磁波的作用

为了将等离子体RCS减缩技术应用于飞行器上,首先从微观角度分析等离子体与电磁波的作用;然后通过计算机仿真技术,分析了等离子体对电磁波的吸收、反射性能;最后探讨了几种解决等离子体电磁兼容问题的方法。结果表明等离子体对电磁波有一定的吸收效果,并可通过控制覆盖在飞行器表面等离子体的形状改变飞行器的电磁外形。等离子体RCS减缩技术具有潜在的工程应用价值。     

Multi-layer protective armour for underwater shock wave mitigation

The effect of underwater shock wave on different target plates has been studied.An underwater shock wave generator(shock tube) was used to study the interactions between water and different constructed targets which act as shock wave mitigation.Target plates,composed of sandwich of two aluminum sheets with rubber and foam in between,were prepared and studied.For comparison,the target plates composed of triple aluminum sheets were tested.The study includes the testing of the selected plates in water under the effect of different peak pressures and the analysis of the results.The strain gauge data and displacement sensors results showed that the multi-layer plates have higher level of underwater shock wave mitigation than the triple aluminum plates with strain and deflection of nearly 50%.     

并联波浪补偿系统的鲁棒控制方法

研究了基于绳牵引并联机构的新型波浪补偿系统的鲁棒控制方法。将环境作用力和不可测参数从动力学方程中分离出来,看作系统干扰,然后根据李亚普诺夫稳定性理论推导了控制律。针对绳索冗余的情况,提出了一种基于交互投影的绳索张力分布算法。当存在张力分布的可行解时,该算法能够得到远离张力限制边缘的"安全"最优解;当不存在可行解时,该算法能够得到满足张力限制条件的最佳近似解。为了提高鲁棒控制的实用性,还研究了负载惯性参数辨识方法。仿真结果表明,以上理论与方法对于波浪补偿系统是非常有效的。     

毫米波制导武器及其防护

介绍了毫米波制导武器的特点以及国外已经装备或正在研制的毫米波制导武器。基于毫米波辐射及传输特点,讨论了对毫米波制导武器进行防护的方法。     

海水中电磁波传播特性的研究

利用电磁场传播所满足的Maxwell方程组,计算和分析出电磁波在导电媒质中传播时的特征;并以海水为例,得出一些有意义的结论,为海水中通信、信号探测、引信研究等方面工作提供理论依据.     

实测海浪水压场特性分析

海浪水压场是舰船水压场的主要背景干扰.为深入研究海浪水压场与舰船水压场的特征区别,在大量实测海浪水压场数据的基础上,对其时域及频域特性进行研究,并对海浪水压场的平稳性进行了检验,结果表明,海浪水压场能量主要集中在低频范围,且随着海况和水深的增加,最大能谱频率向低频方向移动,在较短的时间内,可将海浪水压场视为平稳随机过程.     

柔性长鳍扭波推进数学模型分析

以"尼罗河魔鬼"鱼的柔性长背鳍扭波推进模式为研究对象,通过观察活鱼的游动模式,提取影响扭波推进的运动学要素,建立了描述柔性长背鳍扭波推进时动态曲面的数学模型。研究了鳍条仰角与摆动规律对鳍面的影响。最后,用细长体理论分析并计算出推力分布。研究表明,鳍条仰角在φ=85°的情况下所形成的鳍面与垂直鳍条所形成的鳍面相比,其最大偏离值与鳍长之比为1.7%,可以用垂直于基线的鳍条制作模型;鳍条按正弦规律摆动时所形成的扭波波形鳍面与实鱼鳍面相似。     

连续波金属探测器电磁场模型的理论分析

介绍了连续波金属探测器的工作原理,提出一种新的连续波金属探测器电磁场模型,采用基于电磁场和电路的混合方法对该模型进行了详细的理论分析,推导出在空气及海水中金属探测器接收感应电压的计算公式,并给出了简要的设计实例.文中理论分析结果对于连续波金属探测器设计与分析具有指导意义,对其它类型的金属探测器设计也有参考价值.     

Shock wave mitigation using zig-zag structures and cylindrical obstructions

The present study focuses on the mitigation of shock wave using novel geometric passages in the flow field. The strategy is to produce multiple shock reflections and diffractions in the passage with minimum flow obstruction, which in turn is expected to reduce the shock wave strength at the target location. In the present study the interaction of a plane shock front (generated from a shock tube) with various geometric designs such as, 1) zig-zag geometric passage, 2) staggered cylindrical obstructions and 3) zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions have been investigated using computational technique. It is seen from the numerical simulation that, among the various designs, the maximum shock attenuation is produced by the zig-zag passage with cylindrical obstructions which is then followed by zig-zag passage and staggered cylindrical obstructions. A comprehensive investigation on the shock wave reflection and diffraction phenomena happening in the proposed complex passages have also been carried out. In the new zig-zag design, the initial shock wave undergoes shock wave reflection and diffraction process which swaps alternatively as the shock front moves from one turn to the other turn. This cyclic shock reflection and diffraction process helps in diffusing the shock wave energy with practically no obstruction to the flow field. It is found that by combining the shock attenuation ability of zig-zag passage (using shock reflection and diffraction) with the shock attenuation ability of cylindrical blocks (by flow obstruction), a drastic attenuation in shock strength can be achieved with moderate level of flow blocking.     

使用双水压传感器抗风浪干扰原理

提出了在水雷上使用双水压传感器的设想.传统水雷只使用一个水压传感器,提供的信号信息稍嫌不足,给水压引信抗风浪干扰带来了限制.通过使用两个传感器,利用海浪水压场传播时在两个传感器上的时延信息,使用抵消方法压制海浪水压信号.初步分析表明,使用双传感器可以使水压引信抵抗一定的海浪水压信号的干扰.     

正弦波调制的光纤环本征频率测量方法

为了弥补传统光纤环本征频率测量方法中方波调制存在死区的缺陷,提出正弦波调制的本征频率测量方法。对正弦波调制下的光纤陀螺输出信号进行分析,得到二次谐波幅度与调制频率间的二次函数关系,通过计算抛物线顶点即可求得本征频率。依据该原理对已有的光纤陀螺进行升级改造,研制了一套本征频率测量系统。试验结果表明:该方法可达到1×10-5的测量精度,是一种成本低、精度高的光纤环本征频率测量方法。