一种基于IMM/MSPDAF的多传感器数据融合目标跟踪算法

基于交互式多模型和多传感器联合概率数据关联算法的机动目标跟踪,先用融合算法将红外和雷达的量测进行融合,然后利用融合后的数据,采用交互式多模型机动目标跟踪方法实现对机动目标的跟踪。仿真实验验证了算法具有良好的机动目标跟踪效果。     

回归分析在多雷达航迹关联和融合中的应用

雷达数据关联融合是多站多目标跟踪的主要问题,提出了一种回归分析的数据融合方法.首先,对测量数据进行统计分析,给出观测融合的点估计和置信区间估计,之后基于目标的观测融合数据,采用强跟踪滤波器对多目标进行跟踪.利用上述方法,进行了各种态势下的仿真实验,验证了算法的有效性.     

用于机动目标跟踪的分布式多传感器异步融合算法

目前,随着目标机动性能的不断提高,单个传感器越来越难于对目标进行有效地跟踪.分布式多传感器网络是当前国内外研究的热点,也是解决机动目标跟踪的有效途径之一.提出了一种适用于机动目标跟踪的异步融合算法:融合中心采用交互式多模型(IMM)算法,在给定融合周期的基础上,对多传感器数据进行异步融合,得到有效跟踪航路.蒙特卡罗仿真表明,该算法可以有效地改善对机动目标的跟踪性能,可为工程应用提供有益参考.     

多类传感器航迹参数关联研究

采用层次型数据融合结构,研究了防空作战(AAW)系统中多类传感器航迹相关问题。首先对目标航迹的真实跟踪概率(TTP)进行了讨论,在两个模型假设的基础上给出了TTP的计算公式。提出利用渐近分析理论研究多类传感器相关参数及其在时间域上参数方程的航迹参数关联问题。在此基础上设计了多类传感器系统中上层处理节点航迹相关算法。     

连续动态贝叶斯网络实现多传感器融合跟踪

利用多传感器数据进行目标跟踪,关键是怎样将多传感器的数据合理应用来对系统的状态做出最佳估计。提出应用连续动态贝叶斯网络的方法,结合卡尔曼滤波器模型,实现用多传感器数据进行目标跟踪的方法,并对算法进行了推导和验证。仿真结果证明了提出的多传感器数据互相修正融合滤波方法具有良好的滤波效果,并能够弥补传感器数据缺失和抑制脉冲噪声。     

一种新的多传感器多机动目标快速跟踪算法

基于FAFDA滤波算法,根据Houles和Shalom将PDA算法推广到解决两个传感器单目标的跟踪问题的思路中,构造一种两个同类传感器的序列观测数据的融合来跟踪多个机动目标的数据关联方法(MSFAFDA)。它主要使用的是点/航迹联合和序列估计法。算法计算量远小于原先的顺序和并行多传感器联合概率数据关联算法,蒙特卡洛仿真结果也表明它对多机动目标的跟踪具有比FAFDA更好的跟踪性能。     

基于多机载预警雷达的机动目标融合跟踪方法

机动目标跟踪是多机载预警雷达数据融合中的一个难点,传统的卡尔曼滤波本身不足以解决该问题.基于量测噪声协方差估计设计了一种可适用于机动目标的卡尔曼滤波器;引入了协方差交集,提出了一种针对多机载预警雷达数据融合中机动目标跟踪的新方法.仿真实验表明,该方法能够成功稳定地跟踪机动目标,与现有的主流方法相比,该方法的误差性能是最佳的.     

C~3I 系统多传感器的信息融合——Fuzzy 函数聚类算法

在对多类传感器收集空中目标状态信息描述的基础上,用Ｆｕｚｚｙ目标函数聚类算法建立了对空情数据融合的数学模型。对数据融合过程,参数的初始化问题进行了实际应用的讨论;并对其应用效果和优势作了实际的分析。该方法是Ｃ３Ｉ系统数据融合技术的有效方法之一。     

基于SDNN神经网络的多雷达目标航迹跟踪研究

现代雷达系统中,目标的航迹跟踪是Network)节点自删除神经网络的多雷达目标航迹跟踪的方法.仿真结果表明,这种方法能够很好地完成多雷达目标的数据融合,并比较有效地实现了多雷达目标的航迹相关.     

基于模糊多传感器数据融合的目标跟踪系统

为了克服使用单个传感器的局限性,目标跟踪系统中引入了多传感器数据融合(MSDF)算法.MSDF能有效减小污染传感器测量量的噪声,又可排除估计过程中的无效测量量.它既能处理线性传感器的数据融合问题,又能处理含噪声的非线性传感器的数据融合问题.为了克服缺乏目标运动的前期信息的不足,目标跟踪系统中还运用了模糊运动学过程模型.因此,尽管缺乏有关目标运动及估计过程中所包含的传感器前期统计信息,该目标跟踪系统的性能却与基于已知目标精确过程模型的广义卡尔曼滤波器的目标跟踪系统相当.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.