现代潜艇的居住性

现代潜艇是一个庞大而又复杂的综合作战系统,一艘潜艇上从事各种专业分工的艇员人数常常多达数十人甚至上百人。潜艇处于水下航行状态时,艇内成为一个与外界大气环境完全隔绝的密闭空间。特别是当潜艇进行长时间的水下航行时,艇内的氧气逐渐损耗,二氧化     

现代潜艇的基本结构(一) ——艇体的基本结构

潜艇为什么既能在水面航行,又能下潜到水下的一定深度并且能在水下保持长时间的潜航状态呢?要想解开这个谜,就应从了解潜艇的结构形式和潜艇所具有的结构强度开始。现代潜艇的艇体基本上是由耐压结构和轻型结构两部分组成。耐压结构包括耐压艇体、耐压指挥台以及耐压液舱等,是保证潜艇在安全深度之内能够从事水下运行的基本结构。轻型结构包括潜艇的指挥台围壳、上层建筑以及一些液舱等。轻型结构又进一步分为非耐压     

更静、更快、更深德国214型潜艇

德国是世界上最早使用潜艇的国家之一,在世界潜艇发展史中占有重要的地位,其U型潜艇在两次世界大战中战功显赫、闻名于世。二战结束前,德国开创性地在ⅩⅪ型潜艇上采用流线形艇体和使用水下通气管,首次实现了潜艇水下航速超过水面航速,使潜艇在潜望深度即可使用柴油机航行,大大提高了潜艇的隐蔽性,成为潜艇发展史上的一个里程碑。二战后,由于国际公约限制德     

基于STAR-CCM+的全附体潜艇水压场特性及附体影响性研究

潜艇航行引起的流场压强变化称为潜艇水压场,其特性常被应用于水雷,以实现目标探测,攻守兼备。考虑指挥台围壳、尾翼影响,以全附体艇体为研究对象,在验证性研究的基础上,基于粘流理论研究了潜艇水压场特性,揭示了附体对艇体表面、周围流场、水底流场的压强分布影响规律。结果表明：附体对艇体表面的压强分布影响显著,但影响范围局限于附体小区域,而对水底处的水压场影响仅在潜艇近底航行时才略显著,可见非近底航行工况下可忽略附体影响,实现潜艇水压场的快速预报;在研究近水面航行工况时,水面兴波对海底潜艇水压场的分布存在影响,具体影响潜艇水压场的峰值大小和位置等。     

亲历水下极限脱险

当潜艇发生海难,不能自行浮至水面,也无力自救时,艇内人员就要从潜艇专用的装置内逃出水面,这就是潜艇艇员水下脱险。失事艇艇员在实施水下脱险时,时刻面临着生与死的考验。脱险艇员的动作失误、使用的呼吸器发生故障、协助脱险人员的动作有偏差等等,都与脱险人员的生命相连。可以这样讲,一旦潜艇在水下失事,对于无脱险技能的人员而言,水下脱险通道无异于死亡通道。因此,练就过硬的脱险技能是每个潜艇艇员的必修课,本文作者全过程参加水下脱险实兵演习,以其真实的水下脱险经历,向读者展示人民海军进行脱险救生训练方面的精神风貌。     

法国开发大型常规动力潜艇

作为法国国有舰船制造和系统开发公司的DCNS集团已经投资进行了一系列的旨在通过增加潜艇水下续航能力、隐蔽ISR能力和整合无人水下艇来提高潜艇作战性能的项目。名为SMX-Océan的潜艇概念设计运用了DCNS集团的各种设计资源,构思的大型常规潜艇能够部署大量的武器系统,并且能够航行相当远的距离。SMX-Océan潜艇所包含的一系列潜艇平台创新和系统技术能够提高常规动力潜艇的作战性能和安全性。     

“33”型潜艇实体仿真模型的制作

“33”型潜艇是前苏联于50年代后期设计并建造的常规动力(柴油机、电动机)中型鱼雷攻击型潜艇。为了适合在水下航行,它的整个艇体呈流线型。在艇首的下部有一个十分突出的球形综合导流罩。在艇首的两侧各有三个鱼雷发射管的出口,当发射鱼雷前,出口处的防波板会自动收缩到里面,鱼雷射出后再自动恢复原状。艇首的上部也呈球状流线型,那是潜艇水     

潜艇知识问答（作战训练篇）

1.潜艇在水下航行时，是如何发现水下障碍物的？ 答：潜艇水下航行时，对水下目标的探测主要靠潜艇声纳实现对周围物体的探测，即声纳通过接收水下目标发出声波或接收目标反射声纳本发射的声波来确定目标的方位、距离，从而达到对海底状况的观察。声纳分被动声纳和主动声纳两种，被动声纳通过接收水中目标发出的声波来探测目标，     

“巴克利”号驱逐舰Vs U66潜艇

1944年1月16日,德国海军格奥哈特中尉指挥的U66号U型潜艇从位于比斯开湾的法国洛里昂出航,开往西非沿岸的弗里敦至几内亚湾海域执行任务。U66号潜艇是一艘远洋ⅨC型攻击潜艇,1941年1月建成服役,水下排水量1232吨。由于在建造时它的艇体长度大幅增加,艇上燃料柜容量得到较大的提升,可储备燃油高达208吨。因此,其续航力也加大了,当在水面以10节速度航行时,其航程为13450海里。     

咨询园地

Q吉林读者李佰霖问潜艇是如何进行电池充电的? 潜艇对蓄电池充电的方式大体上分为水面状态充电、通气管航行状态充电以及利用艇外电源充电这三种方式。水面状态充电,指的是潜艇处于锚泊状态或者停靠在码头边上时对艇上的蓄电池进行充电。此时潜艇处于非航行状态,艇上的柴油机运行,带动艇上的发电机运转,把产生的电能充注到蓄电池中。通气管航行状态充电指的是,潜     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.