DSets-DBSCAN无参数聚类的雷达信号分选算法

针对现有的很多高效分选算法的性能严重依赖于外界输入的参数问题,例如聚类数目、聚类容差等,将无参数聚类算法DSets-DBSCAN应用于雷达信号分选,提出了一种无参数的雷达信号脉冲聚类算法。该算法无须依赖于任何参数的设置,就能自适应地完成聚类。算法输入直方图均衡化处理过的成对相似性矩阵,使得Dsets(dominant sets)算法不依赖于任何参数;根据得到的超小簇自适应给出DBSCAN的输入参数;利用DBSCAN扩展集群。仿真实验证明,该算法对雷达脉冲描述字特征进行无参数分选的有效性。同时,在虚假脉冲比例(虚假脉冲数/雷达脉冲数)不高于80%的情况下,对雷达信号的聚类准确率在97.56%以上。     

扩展时差直方图方法研究

论述了扩展时差直方图的原理和基本方法 ,以三站时差定位系统为例 ,介绍了基于参数分割的扩展时差直方图方法的应用 ,并与传统的时差定位系统信号处理方法进行了比较 ,指出扩展时差直方图方法实现实时处理的有效途径     

基于相邻脉冲相似性的快速聚类分选方法

针对复杂环境下的聚类问题,提出了一种新的聚类分选算法。其利用同一雷达辐射源的相邻脉冲间的相似性对信号进行聚类。该算法按到达时间顺序将信号依次归类,并将新分类的数据作为所在类的聚类中心,其无需事先指定聚类的数目,也无需进行反复的迭代计算。仿真表明,该算法不仅分类准确,而且大大缩减了计算量。     

基于优化初始聚类中心K-Means算法的跳频信号分选

提出了一种优化初始聚类中心的方法.方法通过搜索参数统计直方图峰值预估类数目,并根据峰值位置确定聚类中心大概位置.由于优化的初始类心与实际类心相隔不远,聚类迭代次数大为减少.与传统的优化聚类中心方法相比,本方法计算量更少.最后将改进K-Means聚类算法应用于跳频信号分选,仿真结果表明,分选效果良好.     

基于模糊聚类的雷达信号分选

为克服传统信号分选算法的局限性,采用了基于模糊聚类分析的雷达脉冲信号分选方法。首先介绍了模糊聚类的基本原理和具体步骤,利用熵权法对不同雷达信号特征参数增加了加权系数,其次建立了有效性评价模型来确定最佳聚类,并进行了信号分选仿真实验。利用该方法进行模糊聚类时无需设置阈值,仿真结果证明分选方法的正确性,验证了此方法的有效性和可行性。该方法能够处理多个雷达脉冲信号,是一种解决多脉冲信号分选问题的新途径。     

周期平稳通信信号时差估计

研究了一种利用信号谱相关特性对周期平稳通信信号进行时差估计的方法。研究表明,谱相关时差估计方法较之经典的广义互相关(GCC)法具有更强的抗干扰能力,在多辐射源环境下,该方法可以无模糊地估计各个辐射源的时差。     

多站时差与多参数联合分选定位方法

多站电子侦察系统中,两个观测站接收到的脉冲信号到达时间差可以用于分选和定位。针对复杂信号脉间信息关联性弱,不能对脉冲数极少的信号进行分选的问题,提出一种多站时差与多参数联合分选定位新方法。该方法利用时差窗先验信息,将主站和所有副站脉冲同时进行多站时差和多参数联合预分选,并将预分选结果按位置进行融合,得到最终分选和定位结果,能对脉冲数极少的信号进行分选定位,甚至可实现单个脉冲的分选定位。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于关联脉冲对的动态直方图分选算法

针对现有分选算法在复杂电磁环境下准确性与效率降低的问题,提出了一种基于关联脉冲对的动态直方图分选方法。该方法首先对到达时间差进行固定箱长统计,将高于检测门限的相邻箱进行合并,得到动态直方图统计结果,估计出潜在PRI(pulse repetition interval)。对潜在PRI对应的关联脉冲对进行分析,剔除虚假PRI并估计出真实PRI的抖动量。最后,再依据PRI参数完成脉冲序列搜索,实现对雷达信号的分选。仿真实验表明,该方法在较低的到达时间差级数条件下,对多部复杂PRI调制信号的分选准确率达到95%,能够对复杂电磁环境下的雷达信号进行有效分选。     

SVC和SOFM组合聚类的雷达信号预分选方法

由于采用单一聚类方法对雷达信号聚类分选中,存在一定的问题。为了克服单一聚类的缺点,并利用其优点,提出了采用组合聚类的方法对雷达信号进行聚类分选。在分析了自组织特征映射网络(SOFM)与SVC的原理的基础上,利用SOFM和SVC的优点,设计了一种SOFM与SVC组合聚类的方法,实现对雷达到达角(DOA)数据的聚类分选。理论分析与实验仿真表明,该方法能够克服噪声的影响,与有先验信息条件下的K均值聚类结果相比,取得了较好的聚类分选结果。     

改进加权SVC的雷达信号分选新方法

目前基于多参数的雷达信号聚类分选方法得到了广泛应用,但是当雷达信号严重交叠时,存在正确率不高的问题,为此,在支持向量聚类和分层互耦的分选算法基础上,首先利用变精度粗糙集对标准化的雷达信号数据进行加权处理,然后通过分析聚类分选结果构建有效性评价模型,确定最佳的聚类分选参数。仿真表明,当雷达信号数据严重交叠时,相比原始方法,改进的方法正确率显著提高,证明了方法的有效性。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.