弹性贮液圆柱壳的动力特性分析

文中论述了一种贮液圆柱壳动力特性的分析计算方法,分析了弹性壳和液体之间的相互耦合作用。假设贮液满足速度势理论,对于圆柱空壳采用有限元法计算其动能和应变能。采用这种方法,节点未知数数目远小于壳体和液体部分都采用有限元法时的节点未知数数目。     

基于内角流动的板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂流动过程研究

分析了在微重力环境下,板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂的流动和定位过程.利用VOF方法对贮箱内推进剂的重定位过程进行了仿真计算,验证了贮箱及PMD的推进剂管理性能.用数学方法分析了液体在导流板的内角流动,用解析计算的方法求出流动过程中液面的长度,并和仿真计算结果进行了对比.因为实际的贮箱模型比较复杂,仿真计算结果和理论计算结果存在一定的误差,但其流动趋势保持一致.本文的工作能够为内角流动的研究提供有益的参考.     

铝制贮箱箱底初步断裂分析

本报告应用断裂力学方法,对铝合金贮箱箱底进行了初步的分析。应力计算主要考虑了箱底在内压作用下的薄膜应力和由边缘效应引起的弯曲应力以及假定的焊接残余应力。断裂分析包括对表面裂纹临界尺寸的线弹性和弹塑性计算,给出了母材和焊缝处的临界裂纹尺寸;确定了加载20次到201次时所允许的最大初始裂纹尺寸。对一维和二维裂纹扩展模型进行了比较,指明二维扩展模型更为合理。最后对验证实验以及超声波检查配合使用进行了简单的讨论。给出了在本文条件下,贮箱箱底的无损检验标准和确定验证试验的方案。     

固体运载器姿态控制系统自适应滤波器设计

采用大长细比、轻结构质量设计方案的固体运载器结构刚度较小,姿态控制系统设计需要考虑弹性振动的影响。设计了自适应滤波器实现对箭体弹性振动信号的抑制:将滤波器参数自适应问题转化为系统参数辨识问题,通过Steiglitz-McBride参数辨识方法求解,该方法具有计算复杂性低、收敛迅速等特点,适用于箭上计算机实时计算。通过闭环仿真表明,在箭体弹性频率发生变化的条件下,具有自适应滤波器的控制系统能够跟踪这种变化,有效抑制振动信号对控制器的影响,保持运载器姿态运动稳定。     

弹性支承体偶合振型的分析

为了减少机械设备的振动力传递到底座上去,通常采用弹性支承的办法进行隔振。在单自由度系统,隔振容易实现,但在实际情况下,弹性支承体的运动,都是多自由度,而且运动的位移和转动都是偶合的,因此运动比较复杂。本文藉用广义坐标使偶合系统的计算简单化,使一些问题,可以用简单的计算方法得出位移近似值。在实际装置中,弹性支承的电传动压缩机组,选用减振座时一般做法是选用较大的干扰振动频率与自振频率比值,这样,弹簧就选择比较软。但是在启动的过渡过程时,瞬时最大位移值往往需     

弹性支承梁固有频率影响因素研究

通过将折叠舵简化为梁模型来研究一种典型结构折叠舵频率的影响因素。对于梁内出现的弹性支承情形,采用了以分段表示的运动微分方程、简支和自由边界条件以及弹性支承处连续性条件来描述。根据梁的振动的基本方程,推导出弹性支承弯曲振动梁的频率方程的解析表达式,并利用数值方法计算出在不同条件下弯曲振动梁的频率,研究弹簧刚度,有效比刚度,以及支承点位置对固有频率的影响。     

采用钢丝加强的气囊式声学覆盖层的减振降噪效果

为降低加肋圆柱壳受内部力激励时的振动与辐射噪声,在其外表面整体敷设了气囊式声学覆盖层。气囊式声学覆盖层由内外层橡胶蒙皮与内部充入的气体组成,并在外层蒙皮中嵌入环形或螺旋形钢丝。在此基础上,将外层蒙皮简化为一维无限长障板,采用理论方法研究了该障板的声传播特性,并采用附加质量与附加阻尼的有限元耦合边界元算法计算了敷设气囊式声学覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳的水下振动与辐射噪声,结果表明:采用钢丝加强的气囊式声学覆盖层可以有效降低加肋圆柱壳的振动与辐射噪声。静力学计算表明:增加钢丝的数量和钢丝直径可以更有效地增加外层蒙皮的刚度。     

舰船尾部振动的水弹性模型

采用三维水弹性理论导出了舰船尾部振动的流固耦合运动方程式;用三维结构混合有限元和三维流体边界元建立了舰船尾部振动的水弹性分析离散模型．提出了中型水面舰艇尾部整体振动的预报方法;编制了相应的计算机程序．对两型舰艇的尾部振动进行了分析计算,结果表明,预报值与实测值比较吻合．研究结果可对中型水面舰艇的减振降噪设计提供预报手段,从而改善舰船的尾部振动环境．     

质量分布对水下结构振动声辐射影响研究

为研究质量分布对水下结构振动声辐射的影响,建立了双层加肋圆柱壳体结构,利用三维水弹性声学理论及分析软件,分别计算并比较了内部质量分布于铺板、内壳、外壳和舱壁等不同结构时不同位置激励下壳体结构的声源级曲线。结果表明:质量分布对内壳激励下水下结构的振动声辐射影响较小,对铺板及舱壁激励下结构的声辐射影响较大;舱壁激励下壳体的总声级最小,在潜艇设计建造中可以考虑将某些机械设备悬挂安装于舱壁上以实现振动噪声的控制。     

轴承装配误差及预紧量对导引头伺服机构谐振频率影响与分析

为了在精密装调过程中对导引头伺服机构的动态特性进行准确预测,采用理论建模的方法确定了轴承微量装配参数与伺服机构谐振频率的定量关系。基于Hertz接触理论,建立5自由度轴承刚度模型,并将微量装配误差对轴承刚度矩阵的影响进行建模和分析;采用Timoshenko梁理论推导弹性阶梯轴单元矩阵,并确定系统特征值和特征向量的求解方法;采用MATLAB/GUI建立伺服机构谐振频率分析系统,并搭建实验系统对理论模型进行验证。分析和实验结果表明,所建立的分析方法可以对轴承的微量装配误差引起的谐振频率变化进行比较准确的计算,解决了目前伺服机构精密装调过程中动态特性预测的难题。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.