军用飞机大修效率评估方法

针对航空修理工厂大修效率难以评估的问题,首次提出了军用飞机大修效率评估方法。根据飞机大修工作特点,系统分析了飞机大修效率影响因素,建立了飞机大修效率评估指标体系;运用信息熵理论和灰色系统理论,构建出基于熵权和灰色聚类的评估指标赋权模型;结合实例验证了方法的正确性。     

中国航修深呼吸

中国航空发动机修理市场起步较晚,但发展不可小视。本文从以航修业内人士并以航修为一个产业的角度,诠释中国航修企业的命运。一、中国航空维修市场现状我国航空发动机修理行业以军用发动机为主,修理的型号有数十个,修理了数十万台各型发动机。就军用发动机修理投放市场而言有军队内自己的修理厂、国内的各大军工集团的承制厂和移交修理厂。就国产航空发动机大修而言,除军队自己的修理厂外,大部分修理厂集中在中国一航的旗下。目前的中国航修市场是老旧机种修理能力严重过剩、过度,新机种修理能力严重不足。就涡喷6系列航空发动机大修线为例…     

基于云模型的航空装备维修保障能力评估

针对航空装备维修保障能力评估问题,在把握航空装备维修特点和系统分析影响因素的基础上,构建了以信息化优势为主导的航空装备维修保障能力评估指标体系;提出一种基于AHP的改进熵值法确定各级指标权重,有效融合了主客观信息;引入云模型原理,将不确定性因素转化为定量化数字特征,开展基于云模型的航空装备维修保障能力评估。实例表明,该评估方法能够科学、准确地评估航空装备维修保障能力,具有可行性和有效性。     

俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院建设发展举措与启示

俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院在推动俄罗斯航空发动机领域基础研究、应用研究发展,提升航空发动机研制水平方面发挥了重要作用。研究俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院的发展历史和现状,了解其能力提升举措,可为行业相关人员制定决策提供参考。阐述俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院的概况、发展历史、组织架构、能力建设等,基于其发展总结可供我国航空发动机科研院所参考的经验和教训。     

航空发动机健康评估研究

健康评估是航空发动机健康管理的关键技术之一。根据健康评估的特点,详细阐述了航空发动机健康评估的研究内容,并重点分析了发动机气路性能、发动机结构以及发动机机械系统健康评估特点,最后指出了开展航空发动机健康评估研究的关键技术。     

加权LS-SVM的航空装备维修保障能力评估模型

维修保障能力评估工作是航空装备全系统全寿命管理的一项重要内容,科学精确的维修保障能力评估方法是实现航空装备精确化保障的基础。首先建立了航空装备维修保障能力评估指标体系,确定了关键要素指标,然后建立了基于加权LS-SVM的航空装备维修保障能力评估模型,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

航空发动机叶片的内窥涡流集成化原位检测

目前内窥检测是航空发动机叶片原位检测的唯一方法,但是内窥检测对于叶片裂纹缺陷的检测效果不理想.为此,提出内窥涡流集成化检测技术,使这两种方法的优势互补,实现对航空发动机叶片的原位检测.研制了一种可用于航空发动机叶片原位检测的内窥涡流集成化检测探头,给出了航空发动机叶片的检测实例.检测结果表明:内窥涡流集成化检测技术的缺陷检测能力高,并且可以实现对裂纹缺陷的定量评估,因此较单一的内窥检测更有优越性.具有很高的实际应用价值.     

基于故障树分析的航空装备体系结构贡献率评估方法

针对航空装备体系构成复杂的特点,将故障树分析引入航空装备体系结构贡献率评估问题,提出基于故障树分析的评估方法.从作战装备、信息支援装备和保障装备三个方面构建航空装备体系结构,建造航空装备体系结构故障树;采用底事件的关键重要度指标来计算航空装备的体系结构贡献率,建立基于关键重要度的航空装备体系结构贡献率评估模型;以某航空...     

主元分析法和模糊积分的航空发动机气路状态监测

航空发动机是一个大系统,由于结构复杂、工作条件恶劣等因素影响,对其进行有效地健康状态监测成为航空领域长期难以解决的关键技术之一。为有效监测航空发动机健康状态,以航空发动机气路系统为例,提出一种基于主元分析和模糊积分的航空发动机状态监测方法。首先,利用主元分析法提取发动机状态样本集的主元,对样本数据进行降维,实现样本的最优压缩。其次,利用BP神经网络和Elman神经网络对发动机状态信息的特征向量进行初步状态监测。最后,利用模糊积分对采用两种神经网络的初步监测结果进行决策层融合,从而有效地实现对航空发动机气路系统的状态监测。通过某型真实航空发动机验证表明,所提出基于主元分析和模糊积分的状态监测方法,能有效提高监测的准确度,满足航空发动机状态监测的实时性要求,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

基于PCA-BPNN的航空发动机使用经济性模型

从航空发动机的使用经济性角度出发,对其主要使用经济性指标耗油率,提出了基于主成分分析与BP神经网络的航空发动机使用经济性建模方法.利用主成分分析从耗油率相关因素中提取主特征分量,消除样本问的相关性,降低BP网络的规模.接着,利用BP网络高度非线性映射能力构建模型.最后通过实例,验证了该模型的有效性,从而为涡扇发动机的方...     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.