武器装备采办风险管理评价指标体系研究

武器装备风险评价指标体系的构建是评价和监控武器装备采办风险的基础工作。本文在系统研究国内外有关采办风险评价指标体系的基础上,结合我国采办工作实际情况,阐述了构建武器装备采办风险评价指标体系的基本原则;运用故障树思想和模糊层次分析法相结合的方法,提出了一套适用于我国武器装备采办风险管理的评价指标体系;进一步给出了使用评价指标体系应注意的问题。     

基于TRL的技术成熟度模型及评估研究

当前,因武器装备采办项目中应用的技术成熟度不高而导致费用超支、进度拖延等问题已引起发达国家的普遍关注,美国、英国、加拿大等发达国家纷纷依据本国的国防采办流程,开展武器装备采办项目技术成熟度评估,以减少项目开发风险。在对技术成熟度、技术就绪水平(TRL)和技术就绪评估(TRA)、技术成熟度影响因素等问题展开深入研究基础上,探索技术成熟度的评估方法,以期能够应用到武器装备项目研制的立项论证、转阶段评审、检查验收等环节中。研究表明,基于TRL的技术成熟度模型及评估研究可以实现对各个环节技术状态的准确把握,对武器装备研制项目成功推进具有一定的理论与现实意义。     

武器装备采购项目管理组织结构选择的一种量化方法

建立武器装备采购项目管理制度是当前我国装备采购制度改革的重要内容,而武器装备采购项目管理的组织机构选择则是必须首先解决的问题。基于此,文章建立了武器装备采购项目管理组织结构选择模型,给出了一种针对武器装备采购项目特点来选择项目管理组织结构的量化方法,并通过对问卷调查数据的统计分析对该方法进行了验证。     

基于集对分析和LS-SVM的装备研制风险综合评价

【】为了有效防控武器装备的研制风险,确保武器装备项目的顺利推进,提出一种基于集对分析(SPA)理论与最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法的装备研制风险综合评价方法。在该方法中,首先,根据武器装备研制的具体特点,建立了装备研制风险评价指标体系。然后,在此基础上,引入SPA分析理论中的联系度和集对概念构建了训练样本和测试样本。最后,使用获取的样本对LS-SVM进行训练和测试,得到装备研制风险评价模型,并据此给出评价结果。案例分析表明,所提出方法过程简便,定性定量结合,形式易于理解,评价结果也更加贴近实际,对于提升装备研制项目风险管理和决策水平,具有重要的实际意义。     

大中型综合仿真训练系统工程研制的风险探讨

采用综合仿真训练系统替代武器装备对使用和管理人员进行培训、考核已成为现代武器装备训练中的常用方法之一。文中以大中型综合仿真训练系统为研究对象,分析了工程研制中可能存在的风险因素,给出了风险评估模型及有效的风险控制方法,对武器装备工程研制中的风险管理与控制有一定的参考价值。     

基于成本估算风险的武器装备激励价格合同模式

武器装备研发成本超支是各国军队面临的共性难题,其原因主要是在武器装备研发阶段通常采用成本补偿合同,且在合同签订前武器装备承制单位(承制单位)过于乐观,对实际成本需求估计不足。通过采用激励价格合同模式,基于成本估算概率特性,结合项目成本风险等级,将承制单位成本估算概率映射为不同利润水平或损失等级,建立了基于成本估算风险的武器装备激励价格合同模式,促使承制单位在武器装备研发前提供更为客观的成本建议,降低成本超支风险,同时,提高军方武器装备研发项目的管控水平。     

武器装备科研项目的技术风险及防范

武器装备科研是国防科技与武器装备发展的基础,是提高一国战斗力的重要环节。随着现代科技的迅猛发展及其在军事上的不断应用,武器装备科研费用也迅速增长,费用已经成为世界各国武器装备发展的关键制约因素,因此,如何防范武器装备科研中的各种风险,特别是防范武器装备科研中的主要风险——技术风险,减少武器装备科研的成本,使有限的装备经费发挥最佳的效益,已成为各国普遍关注和重视的问题。一、技术风险的内涵与形成原因在经济学中,风险是一个中性词,美国学者A·H·威雷特在1901年对风险问题有一些研究,他认为:“风险是关于不愿发生的时间…     

武器装备模块化科研生产网络中的契约关系及最优设计

武器装备模块化科研生产网络是指以武器装备的可模块化为前提,用契约将武器装备的模块集成商和模块供应商连接起来的一种开放式的网络组织,具有降低交易成本、增强厂商核心能力、降低投资和技术风险以及更好地应对突发因素等优势。武器装备模块化科研生产网络中,系统主承包商充当模块集成者,武器装备的各个模块(分系统和零部件)则以市场契约的方式分包给相关模块供应商完成,武器装备模块集成商和模块供应商之间,以及有关模块供应商相互之间形成了互补互惠的契约网络。由于面临着信息的不完全性和非对称性问题,因而必然存在道德风险、逆向选择等机会主义行为,并由此影响武器装备模块化科研生产网络的运行效率。因而,有必要通过最优契约的设计来有效防范道德风险、逆向选择等机会主义行为和规避不确定性风险。文章构建了一个契约模型,并通过模型求解得出最优契约解,最后就武器装备模块化科研生产网络的最优契约设计给出了若干结论和启示。     

谋求高技术武器装备投资的高效益

要打赢未来高技术条件下的局部战争,我军必须拥有一定质量和数量的高技术武器装备。投资高技术武器装备的科研生产,具有高投入、高风险和高效益的特点。如何在减少高技术武器装备投资的投入和风险的同时,谋求这种投资的高效益,是摆在我军面前的一个迫切需要研究并解决的课题。本文认为,要谋求高技术武器投资的高效益,必须慎重选择发展项目,合理使用有限的资金;充分发挥高技术武器装备的效能,提高高技术武器装备的使用效费比;借鉴外军采购方法,降低高技术武器装备的采购成本。     

武器装备建设方案的组合分析方法

在武器装备建设顶层设计中,将若干备选的装备项目构建成武器装备建设方案是一项非常重要的工作.使用组合分析的理论对此问题进行了研究.首先,按照装备种类由备选的装备项目组合出多种武器装备建设方案,作为决策分析的对象.然后,选择满足任务程度、满足任务风险、建设费用和建设风险作为指标评价每种方案的优劣.最后,按照不同的决策目的和重点,对建设方案进行排序和选优.所附算例说明了方法的适用性.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.