关联维数在齿轮箱振动信号特征提取中的应用

论述了关联维数的基本概念和性质,给出了定量描述分形特征的重要参数———关联维数的计算方法,分析了齿轮箱故障时振动的特点.通过对试验获取的齿轮故障振动信号进行分析计算,确定了关联维数与齿轮箱故障程度之间的联系.结果表明,齿轮箱的不同运行情况对应的关联维数有明显不同.因此,可用关联维数作为区分齿轮箱工作状态的特征参数.     

粒子群优化齿轮箱振动信号周期分量提取方法

为了从齿轮箱振动信号中快速获得各零部件的振动信号,给准确定位故障部件提供理论依据,提出了一种适合于齿轮箱振动信号周期分量提取的改进型粒子群优化算法。在对齿轮箱振动信号、周期信号振幅与对应频率间的关系以及初始相位与对应频率间的关系分析的基础上,以各特征频率及其组合为基准生成初始种群进行优化,减少了周期信号提取中的盲目性,加快了周期信号的提取过程。最后,对实验室的齿轮箱进行了不同工况下振动信号的检测,以这些信号为例进行了周期分量的提取,结果说明所提方法是可行有效的。     

支持向量机和声发射技术在齿轮裂纹故障诊断中的应用

为了解决齿根疲劳裂纹故障难以识别的问题,对齿轮箱正常和裂纹故障状态的声发射信号进行时间序列分析,利用AR模型的自回归系数作为齿轮箱不同状态时的特征向量,形成支持向量机的训练样本对支持向量机进行网络训练,实现对齿轮箱正常、轻微裂纹和严重裂纹故障状态的识别与诊断。实验结果表明:基于支持向量机和声发射技术的齿轮箱故障诊断系统能够准确地识别与诊断齿轮箱的裂纹故障状态,它对于齿轮裂纹故障检测是一种有效的诊断手段。     

基于小波包变换和BP网络的齿轮箱故障诊断

利用小波包分析提取出齿轮箱在各种工况下振动信号的有效成分,根据时频域特点提取比较典型的特征参量,利用改进的BP网络进行训练,根据训练结果判别齿轮箱的故障状态。     

基于时域平均的齿轮故障诊断

提出了信号时域平均处理的新算法,解决了周期截断误差对平均结果的影响,并对测取的齿轮箱齿轮故障振动信号进行了处理。实验结果表明:该方法在齿轮故障信号的处理中能够消除背景噪声的影响,取得比较理想的效果。     

基于阶次分析方法的齿轮箱齿轮故障诊断研究

研究了旋转机械非稳态振动信号分析中的计算阶次分析方法．分析了该方法在重采样过程中的采样率设置规则．利用插值算法实现了对等时间间隔采样的齿轮箱振动信号的角域重采样,将其应用于齿轮箱加速过程故障诊断,成功识别了齿面磨损故障．结果显示,阶次分析法能有效避免传统频谱方法出现的频率模糊现象,在处理非平稳转速变化信号时具有独特的优越性．     

基于小波包变换和伪魏格纳分布的轴承故障诊断

将小波包变换理论和伪魏格纳分布应用于齿轮箱故障诊断中,结合实例对轴承的振动信号进行分析,结果表明:小波包变换能有效地提取各频段的高频成分,通过对提取的信号做伪魏格纳分布,结果能形象、直观地反映出轴承故障的时-频信息,而且对故障信息具有较强的判别能力。     

基于小波包和神经网络的行星齿轮箱故障模式识别技术

行星齿轮箱振动信号在各频段的能量分布与其故障类型有关。利用Daubecics小波包将不同故障的振动信号分解到各个频带。BP神经网络的输入是各频带的能量——行星齿轮故障的特征向量,用神经网络识别故障类型。通过实验验证了该方法可以快速、准确地进行故障模式识别,达到良好的预期效果。利用此方法可以有效解决武装直升机武器系统复杂故障现象问题。     

基于阶次跟踪和BP网络的齿轮箱故障模式识别

在对齿轮箱的原始振动信号进行时域采样的基础上,利用小波包分析对其进行消噪,然后对得到的数据进行角域重采样,得到基于阶次跟踪的采样信号,再对该信号进行特征参量提取,最后利用BP网络对得到的故障特征参量集进行模式识别。该方法能够避免传统分析方法中难以克服的“频率模糊”现象,对于瞬态信号有较好的分析处理能力,是对传统频谱分析法的有力补充。     

基于信号处理的齿轮箱状态监测与故障诊断

针对工程上齿轮箱实时监测和故障诊断的需要,对JZQ 250型齿轮箱展开研究,提出了状态监测特征值和故障特征向量相结合的分级诊断方法。通过时域参数分析提取监测特征值作为一级诊断,利用能量比重谱的方法,提取故障特征向量作为神经网络的输入向量进行故障诊断为二级诊断。实验结果表明,该方法不仅满足工程上实时在线诊断的要求,而且能够准确进行齿轮箱故障定位。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.