装备预测与健康管理体系结构及关键技术

结合预测与健康管理技术（PHM）在降低装备保障维修费用方面的明显优势,介绍了预测与健康管理技术的内涵及特点,分析了PHM系统的开放式流程,并将该开放式流程应用于装备的故障诊断和预测中,提出一种基于PHM的预测与健康管理体系框架。在此基础上,对诊断与预测技术以及传感器配置算法等关键技术进行了详细阐述,介绍了采用的诊断和预测模型及算法。     

ZigBee和LabVIEW的空空导弹环境状态监测系统设计

新一代空空导弹内部集成了大量的精密元件,为确保导弹铁路运输、日常储存和战时环境下的质量状态,需要实时监测导弹所受的环境信息。以某型空空导弹为研究对象,采用各型传感器装置,同时构建ZigBee无线通信网络,通过网络协调器收集所有采集点的信号信息,将相关信息传入LabVIEW开发平台中进行分析处理,以此设计符合测试需求的空空导弹环境状态监测系统。经过几次具体实践,验证了系统良好的可靠性和可行性,对于提升航空弹药管理工作信息化水平具有重要意义。     

面向故障预测与健康管理的传感器优化配置

传感器优化配置是保证装备故障预测与健康管理(Prognostics and Health Management,PHM)系统有效实现的基础.针对目前陆军装备保障中缺乏有效的传感器配置方法的现状,以某型防空导弹调平起竖系统为研究对象,建立了考虑传感器失效的PHM系统传感器优化配置模型.对导弹发射车调平起竖系统控制回路进行了分析,在此基础上形成系统的故障-传感器相关性矩阵;根据系统的指标要求建立传感器优化配置模型,采用蚁群算法求解;将结果与粒子群算法进行比较,表明利用蚁群算法取得了更优的配置方案,能够为PHM系统中装备的传感器优化配置提供有效指导.     

基于神经网络的整流罩空调系统传感器故障诊断

针对卫星整流罩空调系统中传感器故障问题,分析了其典型故障模式及影响因素,构建了传感器故障诊断系统模型,提出了利用空调监控系统采集的历史数据建立径向基神经网络估计器的传感器故障诊断方法。将估计器应用于空调系统表冷器控制单元,对传感器的偏置故障和精度下降故障进行了模拟故障仿真应用实验,实验结果表明了该故障诊断方法的有效性和正确性。     

故障预测与健康管理技术的应用与发展

基于故障预测与健康管理（Prognostics and Health Management,PHM）系统框架,分析了PHM技术在装备维修保障中的重要意义,概述了PHM技术的发展过程及应用现状,重点讨论了当前故障预测与健康管理所采用的关键技术,包括先进传感器技术、数据传输技术、数据挖掘与信息融合技术、健康评估与故障预测技术、智能推理与决策支持技术等,最后展望了PHM技术的发展趋势。     

PHM系统及其故障预测模型研究

PHM(Prognostic and Health Management)是装备实现自主保障的一项关键技术.通过对美军联合攻击机PHM系统功能和结构的分析,提出了一种基于扩展FMEA的PHM系统的实现方法,并阐明了其运作原理.在此基础上,引入模糊综合评判这一数学方法建立了PHM系统的故障预测模型.最后以飞机起落架的收放系统为例进行了实例分析.     

涡轮泵状态监控及传感器故障识别的新异类检测方法

为了在故障样本稀缺、故障模式不完备的情况下监控涡轮泵状态,并剔除传感器失效故障造成的虚警,提出用于涡轮泵状态监控及传感器故障识别的单类支持向量机新异类检测方法。该方法以正常状态为目标类构建单类支持向量机检测器,用于检测涡轮泵是否出现异常;以传感器故障为目标类构建单类支持向量机检测器,用于判断检测到的异常是否属于传感器故障。对涡轮泵试车数据的分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于本体的装备PHM信息共享技术研究

针对装备PHM工作过程中存在的信息异构、难以共享的问题,基于本体对装备PHM领域信息进行建模,采用基于语义相似度的检索方法对装备PHM领域本体进行检索,在MyEclipse平台上搭建了装备PHM信息共享原型系统,并以装备测试诊断信息为例在原型系统上应用,能够满足用户获取并运用装备PHM信息的需求,基本实现了装备PHM信息共享功能。     

有限状态机在导弹发射安全性分析中的应用

系统从原始状态到发生灾难性事故并不一定是一蹴而就的,中间可能存在一连串的工作状态转移。基于有限状态机的完备功能逻辑提取特性,研究提出状态迁移建模分析方法,极大地降低了形式化建模语言带来的分析难度。并以空空导弹发射过程安全性分析为例,进行了说明。     

状态—参数联合估计方法及其在液体火箭发动机健康监控中的应用

基于传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波器（ＥＫＦ）,本文提出了一种带次优渐消因子的ＥＫＦ用于非线性时变随机动态系统状态与参数的联合估计。应用于液体火箭发动机健康监控算法的仿真研究表明,本文所提出的联合估计器具有较好的收敛性、实时性和动态跟踪能力。此外,文中还讨论了联合估计器应用于实际系统的有关问题。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.