胶泥缓冲器的非线性阻尼的控制机理研究

为了改善履带车辆悬挂系统在各种路面的平顺性,对悬挂系统匹配了一款具有非线性特性的粘弹性胶泥缓冲器。为了定量地研究胶泥缓冲器的非线性阻尼控制机理,建立了非线性悬挂系统的动力学方程,将非线性时滞动力系统的随机最优控制规律应用于履带车辆悬挂系统,建立了车辆垂直振动加速度与车速、路况与阻尼比之间的数学关系,从理论上推导出了最佳阻尼比。最后,对履带车辆在F级和G级路面上进行了仿真分析来验证胶泥缓冲器的非线性阻尼的变化规律,结果表明,在0.07~0.18范围内调控阻尼比,可以使车体垂直振动加速度最小。该研究工作为胶泥缓冲器的优化设计和胶泥材料的配方提供了理论指导。     

基于逐步后退法的车辆半侧液压主动悬挂最优控制设计与仿真

建立了充分考虑液压装置动力学特性的车辆半侧非线性主动悬挂模型,并提出了线性二次型最优控制与非线性逐步后退法相结合的内外环控制方案。首先根据目标需求在外环设计二次型指标下的最优控制器;然后在内环利用逐步后退法处理因液压装置引入的非线性项。仿真结果表明,使用该设计方案的主动悬挂可以获得比被动悬挂优越的车辆性能。     

地基刚度变化对车辆动力特性的影响

根据两自由度车辆振动模型和道路多层离散体系模型,建立了车辆-道路垂向耦合动力分析模型,推导出了车辆-道路系统的动力平衡方程组,并对动力平衡方程组进行了编程求解,分析了地基刚度变化对车辆动荷载和车身加速度的影响.分析表明:地基刚度变化对车身加速度影响不大,在地基刚度达到某一临界值后一定的范围内,地基刚度的变化对动荷系数影响也不再显著,否则,要对地基进行处理.     

馈能型悬挂综合性能评价研究

以提高车辆馈能型悬挂综合性能评价的有效性为目的,在分析悬挂减振性能评价和馈能型悬挂能耗特性的基础上,提出了一种考虑乘坐舒适性、操纵稳定性以及悬挂能耗的馈能型悬挂综合性能评价指标和方法。分别以线性和非线性悬挂为研究对象,对其性能进行了综合评价实例分析,验证了该评价指标和方法的有效性。     

悬挂特性对履带车辆在沙滩通行能力的影响分析

越野行驶中由车辆振动引起的不平衡扰动力对地面变形有明显的影响.应用车辆-地面沉陷理论推导了扰动力-沉陷系数公式,按照积极隔振原理建立1/10履带车辆考虑地面变形情况下主动控制悬挂系统动力学模型,同时以通行能力为评价目标,采用二次型经典最优控制算法LQR,对沙滩地下陷量进行仿真.通过改变加权值R,分析了悬挂特性对下陷量的影响.结果表明,减小悬挂系统的刚度或阻尼力可以降低对路面的扰动力,减小在沙滩上行驶时的下陷量.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的车辆悬挂二自由度模型控制算法

将磁流变(MRF)新型阻尼减振器用于车辆悬挂减振系统中,用以实现变阻尼式履带车辆悬挂系统半主动控制。在基于线性二次型最优控制理论(LQR法)的基础上,对车辆悬挂系统的半主动控制算法进行了深入研究,建立了二自由度1/4车体的动力学模型,并对其控制效果进行了仿真,结果表明这种半主动控制算法对车辆悬挂系统的半主动有着很好的效果。     

主动悬挂原理试验机动平台的设计及试验研究

某型坦克采用扭杆弹簧而无阻尼器的被动悬挂系统,实际行驶中车体的振动较大,严重影响了其行驶平稳性和乘坐舒适性;为了提高车辆的行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性,进而提高在复杂路面上的越野速度,设计了该型坦克的慢主动悬挂原理试验机动平台,采用模糊RBF神经网络自适应控制策略对主动悬挂平台进行了实车试验,结果表明车体的减振性能得到了明显的提高,验证了所设计的慢主动悬挂系统的优越性。     

坦克扭杆悬挂布局形式研究

对现有坦克扭杆悬挂在车辆上的安装布局进行了描述.通过实例对等刚度、不等刚度等几种布局情况下的车辆舒适性和缓冲可靠性的有关指标进行了计算和对比.着重分析了不等刚度布局情况下大刚度扭杆布置在中部的合理性.结果显示:等刚度布置具有较好的综合性能,大刚度扭杆布置在中部较好.     

弹簧-电磁力准零刚度隔振器研究

为了更有效地抑制振动,首先将电磁力弹簧与垂直正刚度弹簧并联,设计了具有高静刚度-低动刚度特性的弹簧-电磁力准零刚度隔振器;然后,分析了该隔振器的力学特性,给出了达到准零特性各参数应满足的条件。最后,建立了准零刚度隔振器承载质量和施加简谐激励力时系统的非线性动力学方程,并利用平均法分析了系统的动力学特性。研究结果表明:适当地控制外界激励幅值、通电电流或者增大系统的阻尼系数,可使系统处于不同周期振动状态,并能有效地抑制系统振幅。     

多轮驱动履带车辆功率匹配计算与仿真分析

传统电传动设计方案下同时满足车辆大扭矩和宽调速范围的电机体积、重量大,难以集成在车辆有限空间内,针对这一难题,提出了一种新型多轮驱动电传动车辆设计方案。结合该方案,以原车性能指标为依据,进行了电机驱动系统的性能匹配计算,建立了基于Matlab/Simulink的驱动电机模块和基于RecurDyn/Track-HM车辆动力学仿真模块,并利用接口技术构建了机电一体联合仿真模型,而后通过车辆动力性能的仿真,对设计方案及功率匹配结果进行验证。仿真结果表明,匹配算法正确,所选参数合理,设计方案基本可行,为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.