近年来军事法学若干基础理论问题研究述论

军事法学基础理论研究水平的高低,直接反映了这一学科理论创新发展的程度.基础理论研究的不断深化,有助于促进学科理论体系趋于成熟和完善.近年来,军事法学基础理论研究不断深入发展,在诸多方面取得了重要研究成果.军事法学研究者围绕军事法的概念与调整范围、军事法的独立部门法地位、军事权、军事法体系以及军事法学研究方法等学科基础问题进行了富有成效的创新研究,有力提升了军事法学理论研究的学术水准,将军事法学研究推进到新的发展阶段.     

军事学已列入国家学科门类

下设军事思想、战略学等九个学科专业军事学位评议分级由军内十七名专家组成军事学已列入国家学科门类,国务院学位委员会批准增设了军事学学位和军事学评议分组.我国目前已有的其他十个国家级学科门类是:哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学.军事学     

抓住重点,兼及其他

1985年,国务院学位委员会第6次会议,同意军事学授予博士、硕士学位。军事学下设军事思想等9个学科。此后,军队召开会议,将军事学下设的学科进行了调整,并报国家教委批准,下设8个一级学科,把军事思想调整为军事理论及军事史,这说明军事历史在军事科学中占有十分重要的地位。我认为,     

关于军事法学的若干问题研究

军事法学是一门起步较晚的年轻学科,正确界定军事法学的学科属性和分类,科学构建军事法学的研究方法,对于深入研究军事法学和确立军事法学自身的基本原理框架体系具有重大的理论价值。     

关于军事系统学学科设置的思考

军事系统学是研究战争与军事领域的系统特征与规律的一门军事学新兴学科。经过30多年的学科建设,以军事系统理论为基础,军事运筹学、作战实验学、军事系统工程、军事需求学为骨干分支学科的学科理论体系基本形成,具备了由单一的军事运筹学二级学科发展为综合的军事系统学一级学科的成熟条件。军事系统学的主要研究方向及研究内容有军事系统学基本理论、国防系统分析、作战运筹分析、作战实验、军事系统建模与仿真及军事系统管理与技术。     

军事运筹学科建设与创新研究的两点想法

在世纪之交的时候 ,军事运筹分析研究所以“2 1世纪初军事运筹学学科建设与创新”为主题 ,举行学术研讨会 ,是很适时和必要的 ,下面就这个主题谈两点想法。1　关于建立和完善军事运筹学学科体系的问题1998年 3月 ,在总装备部举行的“军事系统工程学研究发展 2 0年报告会”上 ,钱学森同志有个书面发言 ,他在讲到学科体系划分时指出 ,一个大学科部门可分为三个层次 :基本理论层次、技术理论层次和应用理论层次。“在军事科学 ,基础理论是军事学 ,技术理论层次是军事运筹学 ,应用技术层次是军事系统工程”。我个人理解 ,钱老在这里讲的军事学 ,…     

关于军队卫生经济学的思考

军队卫生学是一门新兴的边缘学科。它既是医学、军事学、战争学和经济学相交叉的学科,也是卫生经济学和军事经济学相交叉的学科,属于军事经济学的一个分支学科,它专门研究军队卫生活动中的各种经济关系,并揭示和反映这些关系的客观规律的科学。它是制定我军卫生事业的各项方针政策和改革的理论基础,对于我军革命化、现代化和正规化建设有着重要意义。限于     

军事法律关系的性质研究

军事法律关系是由军事法律规范调整的以军事权利和军事义务为内容而形成的一种特殊社会关系,这种社会关系必然涉及到国家军事利益。军事法律关系的性质如何,关系到军事法和军事法学的整体定位,对于军事法学的理论研究和实践探索具有重要的工具性价值。     

军事科学院1991年招收军事学硕士研究生

为培养军事学各学科的专门人才,军事科学院将于1991年招收马恩列斯军事理论、毛泽东军事思想学科、中国历代军事思想学科、外国军事思想学科、军事历史学科、战略学学科、合同战役学学科、合同战术学学科、军事     

从军事法学科的创立与发展看《中国军事百科全书》的贡献

２０世纪８０年代中期,中国的军事法学科伴随着《中国军事百科全书》的编纂应运而生,经过１０多年来的不断发展,现已初步构建成有中国特色的军事法学科体系,并在中国法学体系中占据了一席之地。回首中国军事法学的创立与发展历程,可以说,《全书》的编纂对该学科的形成起到了重要的推动作用。《全书》的编纂填补了中国军事法学研究领域的空白。２０世纪８０年代中期以前,中国的军事法研究还很薄弱,因此,最初起草《全书》框架方案时未能将军事法设置为学科。但是,为了保证完整的军事科学体系和促进军事科学研究发展的需要,也是为了…     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.