冲击波和高速破片联合作用下固支方板毁伤效应数值模拟

为探讨固支方形钢板结构在空爆冲击波和高速破片联合作用下的动态响应过程及变形破坏模式,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,开展了空爆冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的联合作用数值模拟计算,阐述了固支方板在联合载荷作用下动态响应过程的2个阶段,以及在不同爆距下的变形破坏模式和特点。结果表明,随着爆距增加,在破片密集作用区内,钢板的破坏模式存在从集团冲塞破口到部分穿孔边界撕裂联通,再到无穿孔边界撕裂现象的转换。     

Fracture mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut by circumferential detonation collision

The failure mechanism of a cylindrical shell cut into fragments by circumferential detonation collision was experimentally and numerically investigated. A self-designed detonation wave regulator was used to control the detonation and cut the shell. It was found that the self-designed regulator controlled the fragment shape. The macrostructure and micro-characteristics of fragments revealed that shear fracture was a prior mechanism, the shell fractured not only at the position of detonation collision, but the crack also penetrated the shell at the first contact position of the Chapmen-Jouguet (C-J) wave. The effects of groove number and outer layer thickness on the fracture behavior were tested by simulations. When the thickness of the outer layer was 5–18 mm, it has little effect on fragmentation of the shell, and shells all fractured at similar positions. The increase of the groove number reduced the fracture possibility of the first contact position of the C-J wave. When the groove number reached 7 with a 10 mm outer layer (1/4 model), the fracture only occurred at the position of detonation collision and the fragment width rebounded.     

Study of high-speed-impact-induced conoidal fracture of Ti alloy layer in composite armor plate composed of Ti-and Al-alloy layers

In order to understand the mechanism of conoidal fracture damage caused by a high-speed fragment-simulating projectile in titanium alloy layer of a composite armor plate composed of titanium- and aluminum-alloy layers, the ballistic interaction process was successfully simulated based on the Tuler-Butcher and GISSMO coupling failure model. The simulated conoidal fracture morphology was in good agreement with the three-dimensional industrial-computed-tomography image. Further, three main damage zones (zones I, II, and III) were identified besides the crater area, which are located respectively near the crater area, at the back of the target plate, and directly below the crater area. Under the high-speed-impact conditions, in zone II, cracks began to form at the end of the period of crack formation in zone I, but crack formation in zone III started before the end of crack formation in zone II. Further, the damage mechanism differed for different stress states. The microcracks in zone I were formed both by void connection and shear deformation. In the formation of zone I, the stress triaxiality ranged from-2.0 to-1.0, and the shear failure mechanism played a dominant role. The microcracks in zone II showed the combined features of shear deformation and void connection, and during the for-mation process, the stress triaxiality was between 0 and 0.5 with a mixed failure mode. Further, the microcracks in zone III showed obvious characteristics of void connection caused by local melting. During the zone III formation, the triaxiality was 1.0-1.9, and the ductile fracture mechanism was dominant, which also reflects the phenomenon of spallation.     

Numerical investigation on free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation

In current guidelines, the free air blast loads (overpressure and impulse) are determined by spherical charges, although most of ordnance devices are more nearly cylindrical than spherical in geometry. This may result in a great underestimation of blast loads in the near field and lead to an unsafe design. However, there is still a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the blast loads generated from cylindrical charges. In this study, a numerical model is developed by using the hydrocode AUTODYN to investigate the influences of aspect ratio and orientation on the free air blast loads generated from center-initiated cylindrical charges. This is done by examining the pressure contours, the peak overpressures and impulses for various aspect ratios ranged from 1 to 8 and arbitrary orientation monitored along every azimuth angle with an interval of 5°. To characterize the distribution patterns of blast loads, three regions, i.e., the axial region, the vertex region and the radial region are identified, and the propagation of blast waves in each region is analyzed in detail. The complexity of blast loads of cylindrical charges is found to result from the bridge wave and its interaction with primary waves. Several empirical formulas are presented based on curve-fitting the numerical data, including the orientation where the maximum peak overpressure emerges, the critical scaled distance beyond which the charge shape effect could be neglected and blast loads with varied aspect ratio in arbitrary orientation, all of which are useful for blast-resistant design.     

复合材料层合圆柱壳的动力响应与层间应力

采用分层壳理论和厚度方向的二次插值函数推导出正交铺设层合圆柱壳的动力响应方程,并得出简支层合圆柱壳自由振动问题的解.对于给定算例,计算出的自振频率与三维分析的结果吻合良好,说明所推导的二维解具有足够精度.计算了前四阶模态对应的壳中应力.计算结果说明,对于高阶模态,层间应力相对于面内应力的比值远高于低阶模态的对应比值,高的层间正应力是高阶模态导致脱层破坏的主要原因.     

轴向应力波作用下的圆柱壳弹塑性后屈曲

为揭示柱壳屈曲变形的发展机理及屈曲波与弹塑性应力波耦合传播间的关系,运用非线性显示动力学有限元分析方法对承受轴向高速冲击载荷作用下柱壳的弹塑性后屈曲过程进行了研究。分析结果表明:对于柱壳在轴向高速冲击下的弹塑性轴对称动力屈曲,主要屈曲变形发生在柱壳的两端,屈曲变形的产生及发展与应力波在壳中的传播过程密切相关;塑性应力波在整个屈曲过程中起了绝对支配的作用;屈曲波的产生及发展,都与塑性波的传播及反射有关;弹性应力波由于在整个屈曲过程中持续的时间极短,处于次要的地位。     

Evaluation of effectiveness of polymer coatings in reducing blast-induced deformation of steel plates

Incorporating elastomers such as polymers in protective structures to withstand high energetic dynamic loads, has gained significant interest. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of a Polyurea coating towards the blast-induced response in steel plates. As such, Polyurea coated steel plates were tested under near-field blast loads, produced by the detonation of 1 kg of spherical nitromethane charges, at a standoff distance of 150 mm. Mild steel (XLERPLATE 350) and high-strength steel (BIS80) plates with thicknesses of 10 mm were Polyurea coated with thicknesses of 6 mm and 12 mm on either the front (facing the charge) or the back face. The deformation profiles were measured using 3D scanning. Numerical simulations were performed using the non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA. The strain-dependent behaviour of the steel and Polyurea were represented by Johnson-cook and Money-Rivlin constitutive models, respectively. The numerical models were validated by comparing the plate deflection results obtained from the experiments and were then used in the subsequent parametric study to investigate the optimum thickness of the Polyurea coating. The results indicate that back face coating contributes towards an approximately 20% reduction in the residual deformation as well as the absence of melting of the Polyurea layer, while the front-face coating can be used a means of providing additional standoff distance to the steel plates.     

圆柱壳在轴向压力作用下的稳定性和振动特性

利用Hamilton原理得出轴向压力作用下圆柱壳位移增量的动力学方程,推导了方程的解析解。通过数值计算,分析了轴向压力作用下圆柱壳的临界屈曲压力随壳体长度变化的曲线,讨论了壳体几何参数(L,h)变化和轴向力幅值变化对振动频率影响的变化曲线。数值计算结果表明,圆柱壳的临界屈曲压力与失稳模态紧密相关;圆柱壳的自振频率随壳体的长度增加而下降,随壳体的厚度增加而提高;圆柱壳的自振频率和最低频率随轴向压力的增大而下降。     

Size dependent free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric micro/nano shell based on modified couple stress theory with considering thickness stretching effect

Higher-order shear and normal deformation theory is used in this paper to account thickness stretching effect for free vibration analysis of the cylindrical micro/nano shell subjected to an applied voltage and uniform temperature rising. Size dependency is included in governing equations based on the modified couple stress theory. Hamilton's principle is used to derive governing equations of the cylindrical micro/nano shell. Solution procedure is developed using Navier technique for simply-supported boundary conditions. The numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of significant parameters such as some dimensionless geometric parameters, material properties, applied voltages and temperature rising on the free vibration responses.     

在爆炸载荷作用下固支梁或筒形弯曲板的塑性动态断裂

本文运用刚塑性分析方法研究了在爆炸载荷作用下固支梁的全塑性动态断裂过程。在爆炸载荷作用下,固支梁将首先在固支端进入塑性变形,当固支端塑性铰转角达到其临界值,或固支端处初始裂纹尖端张开位移达到其临界值时(如果固支端有初始裂纹的话),固支端将产生开裂和裂纹扩展。本文解给出了在动态断裂过程中固支梁裂纹扩展长度、裂纹扩展速度以及梁的轴向约束力随时间变化的规律,并给出了不同载荷幅值下梁的启裂条件和止裂条件以及最终裂纹扩展长度和最大挠度。该分析解也适用于固支筒形弯曲板的断裂问题。     

方孔蜂窝夹层板在爆炸载荷下的动态响应

通过有限元数值模拟方法,对方孔蜂窝夹层板在爆炸冲击载荷下的动态响应和变形机理进行了分析.在单位面积质量以及夹芯层的高度、宽度给定的情况下,得出了最优的夹芯层相对密度.在此相对密度下,夹层板吸收能量最多,下面板变形最小,夹层板的抗冲击性能最优.将单位面积质量相等的夹层板和实体板进行了对比分析,结果表明:夹层板具有更加优良...     

一种采用应力分离法的杂交/混合板壳单元

本文利用一种采用应力分离法的杂交/混合板壳有限元模型分析板壳结构静力学问题。分析表明,该元素在总体水平上没有多余零能模式。而且,该元素通过了薄板的闭锁试验,对薄壳算例也没有观察到闭锁现象。与参考解相比,该元素对各种壳结构均能适用,且收敛性较好,精度也较高。     

带壳体云爆弹药液体燃料抛撒的数值模拟

建立了带壳体云爆弹药数值模拟模型,分析了圆柱壳体的断裂准则。壳体材料采用Johnson-Cook热粘性本构方程,断裂准则采用Taylor断裂应力准则,应用Autodyn软件进行了数值模拟,给出了内部爆炸载荷下液体燃料的压力曲线和速度曲线,并进行了分析。     

装备外壳结构周期设计及其振动特性

将声子晶体能带理论应用于装备外壳结构设计,把装备外壳圆柱壳段设计成周期结构。基于多子结构的双协调自由界面模态综合法,计算并对比了周期圆柱壳与非周期圆柱壳对弯曲振动的衰减特性。结果表明,周期圆柱壳中有弯曲振动强衰减带隙存在,而非周期结构中则没有带隙存在。进一步研究了轴向周期复合夹层材料圆柱壳的弯曲振动特性。同样,该周期复合夹层结构中依然有弯曲振动带隙存在,且在带隙频率范围内弯曲振动传播将受到明显的抑制。最后,考虑实际装备外壳形状,研究了含周期结构圆柱段的复杂装备外壳振动特性。研究表明,经过局部周期设计的复杂装备外壳保持了带隙特性,这说明了将能带理论应用于工程实际装备外壳的振动控制具有可行性。     

基于混合变量传递函数方法的圆柱壳屈曲分析

提出了一种分析正交各向异性圆柱壳和阶梯圆柱壳稳定性问题的混合变量传递函数方法。首先在壳体环向利用三角级数对位移变量进行展开 ,利用Fl櫣ｇｇｅ薄壳理论和变分原理 ,建立圆柱壳的平衡方程 ,找出对偶力变量 ,将平衡方程写成混合变量形式 ;通过定义混合状态变量 ,建立了系统的状态空间方程 ;然后利用传递函数方法 ,得到了具有任何轴对称边界条件轴压圆柱壳屈曲问题的解析解 ;最后通过位移连续和力平衡条件 ,得到了阶梯圆柱壳屈曲问题的解。理论解推导过程表明此方法在引入边界条件和进行阶梯圆柱壳求解时非常方便。算例分析的结果验证了本方法的正确性     

考虑Reissner效应的功能梯度柱壳裂纹高阶渐近场

针对考虑Reissner效应的功能梯度柱壳裂纹问题,通过分离变量和级数展开法构造广义位移函数,求得了裂纹尖端高阶渐近场。结果表明：该解类似于Williams解,为此类问题的特征函数,能够描述此类材料各种含裂纹结构的整个应力场和位移场;材料非均匀性对高阶项有显著影响。     

圆柱壳体振动特性研究与有限元计算验证

采用解析理论和有限元方法研究计算了圆柱壳体的固有频率与固有振型,发现环向封闭的圆柱壳具有同一节点形式的两种固有振型,对应两种固有振型的固有频率值相同。     

内压作用下复合材料修复裂纹管道的失效分析

为准确评估在内压作用下纤维复合材料修复含裂纹管道的有效性及失效压力,建立复合材料修复后裂纹管道的失效数值模型。该数值模型通过扩展有限元法模拟管道裂纹的扩展,利用cohesive单元模拟胶层的脱粘失效,复合材料的失效通过最大应力失效准则进行判定。通过静水压爆裂试验对所提失效数值模型进行验证,实验结果与数值计算结果具有较好的一致性。失效数值分析结果表明:当内压增大至一定值后,未修复管道的初始裂纹沿轴向及壁厚方向逐渐扩展,进而使得管道内壁单元扩展成真实裂纹,此时真实裂纹贯穿整个壁厚方向,即认为裂纹管道发生爆裂失效,爆裂失效压力随初始裂纹半长呈指数形式下降。复合材料修复裂纹管道的不同修复工况呈现相同的失效模式:在单调递增的内压作用下,管道内表面首先出现黏结裂纹,而后其外表面裂纹张开趋势急剧上升,使得复合材料层应力急剧上升,达到极限强度而失效。且对于不同的初始裂纹尺寸,存在对应的复合材料缠绕层数临界值。     

Numerical investigation of the failure mechanism of cubic concrete specimens in SHPB tests

Cylindrical specimens are commonly used in Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests to study the uniaxial dynamic properties of concrete-like materials.In recent years,true tri-axial SHPB equipment has also been developed or is under development to investigate the material dynamic properties under tri-axial impact loads.For such tests,cubic specimens are needed.It is well understood that static material strength obtained from cylinder and cube specimens are different.Conversion factors are obtained and adopted in some guidelines to convert the material strength obtained from the two types of specimens.Previous uniaxial impact tests have also demonstrated that the failure mode and the strain rate effect of cubic specimens are very different from that of cylindrical ones.However,the mechanical background of these findings is unclear.As an extension of the previous laboratory study,this study performs numerical SHPB tests of cubic and cylindrical concrete specimens subjected to uniaxial impact load with the validated numerical model.The stress states of cubic specimens in relation to its failure mode under different strain rates is analyzed and compared with cylindrical specimens.The detailed analyses of the numerical simulation results show that the lateral inertial confinement of the cylindrical specimen is higher than that of the cubic specimen under the same strain rates.For cubic specimen,the corners are more severely damaged because of the lower lateral confinement and the occurrence of the tensile radial stress which is not observed in cylindrical specimens.These results explain why the dynamic material strengths obtained from the two types of specimens are different and are strain rate dependent.Based on the simulation results,an empirical formula of conversion factor as a function of strain rate is proposed,which supplements the traditional conversion factor for quasi-static material strength.It can be used for transforming the dynamic compressive strength from cylinders to cubes obtained from impact tests at different strain rates.     

Experimental studies of explosion energy output with different igniter mass

For study the energy output law of cylindrical charge with shell induced by different input energies, four different black powder masses were selected to ignite the main charge. Fragmentation degree of the shell was qualitatively analyzed by the area of holes on the witness plate and the recovered fragments mass. Through theoretical analysis, established the functional relationship between the average mass of fragments and the relative energy output of warhead, obtained how the relative energy output of charge changed with different initial energy input. The results showed that the change of input energy could lead to obvious variation in fragment characteristics, and could also control the output of charge. When the igniter mass increases from 1.55 g to 5.00 g, the relative energy output of the charge increases by 26.28%. Excessive initial input energy will destroy the shell confine in advance, resulting in a decrease in the relative energy output of charge.