电磁带隙结构单脊波导缝隙相控阵天线的实验研究

提出一种电磁带隙结构交错排列的单脊波导缝隙相控阵天线,并与相同尺寸的普通单脊波导缝隙相控阵天线作比较。测试结果表明该天线的方向图得到了明显的改善,单元之间的耦合系数减小,背瓣的辐射电平显著降低,扫描特性得到了改善;同时也说明了电磁带隙结构可以取得比扼流槽更好的抑制表面波的效果。这对于提高单脊波导缝隙相控阵天线的辐射性能具有重要意义。     

低RCS EBG波导缝隙阵列天线

将Mushroom电磁带隙结构(Electromagnetic Band Gap,EBG)的表面波带隙和同相反射特性同时用于波导缝隙阵列天线的设计,利用EBG的带隙特性抑制天线阵中的表面波,以改善天线的辐射性能;利用EBG的同相反射特性实现天线雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)的减缩,天线综合性能得到较大提升。制作了EBG波导缝隙天线阵样品,并对天线阵的阵元互耦、辐射方向图及天线阵RCS等指标进行了测试,结果与理论预期相吻合,有效地降低了阵元间互耦及天线阵RCS。     

新型的低RCS圆极化微带天线设计

针对圆极化微带天线的宽频带雷达散射截面(RCS)减缩问题,提出了一种新颖的超材料覆盖层结构,该结构同时具有部分反射特性和宽频带的极化旋转特性,可以在提高天线增益的同时实现RCS的宽频带减缩。仿真结果表明:与普通的圆极化微带天线相比,加载了超材料结构的天线,其增益在中心频率处提高了1.4 dB;同时,在9.7~21 GHz频带范围内,加载超材料的圆极化微带天线具有更低的RCS电平,整个频段内,平均减缩幅度达9.06 dB(X极化)和9.21 dB(Y极化)。仿真结果验证了设计的正确性,表明该方法可以有效的实现圆极化微带天线的宽频带RCS减缩,对圆极化微带天线的隐身技术有重要的借鉴作用。     

一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线的设计与制作

文章设计了一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线。天线单元采用层叠结构的形式实现宽频带,通过在天线四周加导电墙并改变地板尺寸展宽微带天线的波束宽度。主要研究了改变导电墙高度以及地板大小对天线的半功率波束宽度以及低仰角增益带来的影响,通过仿真优化,这种方法可以将天线的半功率波束宽度从68°提高到100°,同时仰角30°增益从0.01 dB提高到2.4 dB。加工制作了相应的微带天线,测试结果表明该天线具有频带宽、低仰角增益高以及波束宽度宽的优点,与仿真结果吻合较好。     

一种小型化超宽带平面伞状天线

介绍了一种小型化超宽带全向微带天线。提出一种平面伞状贴片天线结构,采用电磁仿真软件HFSS分析该天线的阻抗带宽、方向图及增益特性。仿真与实测样品对比分析表明,提出的小型化超宽带平面伞状天线能够满足工程应用需要。     

八木微带圆极化天线的研究与设计

对八木微带天线进行了研究。通过Ansoft HFSS仿真软件设计了一种宽带宽波束圆极化八木微带天线,在中心频率上实现了波束由侧射向端射偏转26°,频率带宽达800 MHz,0 dB主波束宽度为110°;采用Wilkinson微带功分器产生两路幅度相等相位相差90°信号对天线进行馈电,实现了圆极化。同时研究了在保持天线良好性能的前提下,结构的变化对于主波束偏转角度的影响。     

新型电磁带隙结构加载的微带天线阵

研究了以EBG结构为衬底的微带天线阵。将EBG结构置于微带天线阵的底部取代微带天线阵列的金属底板,不仅能增加天线带宽,还能提高天线阵的增益。测试结果表明,天线单元带宽从3.81%提高到8.86%,在工作频带内天线阵增益都在10dB以上,同时天线单元间的耦合系数也得到有效降低。     

微带天线的设计方法及应用

叙述了一般微带天线的设计方法及各种因素对天线性能的影响,提出并设计了一种新型的宽频带微带天线,确定了一组比较好的参数。     

基于EBG吸波材料的波导缝隙天线设计北大核心

为了改善波导缝隙天线的散射性能,设计了一种电磁带隙（electromagnetic band gap,EBG）结构的吸波材料,从导纳圆图、表面电流和电场分布等方面分析了其吸波机理。其厚度为0．3mm,吸波率达到99．9％,将其加载于波导缝隙辐射金属基板上,得到了低雷达散射截面的波导缝隙天线。仿真结果表明：加载后的天线回波损耗和增益基本不变,在5．48～5．75GHz工作频带内,法向RCS减缩都在3dB以上,最大减缩达到15．8dB,单站RCS在-18°～18°角域减缩超过3dB。证实了该吸波结构有良好的吸波效果,可以用于波导缝隙天线带内隐身。     

基于EBG吸波材料的波导缝隙天线设计

为了改善波导缝隙天线的散射性能,设计了一种电磁带隙(electromagnetic band gap,EBG)结构的吸波材料,从导纳圆图、表面电流和电场分布等方面分析了其吸波机理。其厚度为0.3 mm,吸波率达到99.9%,将其加载于波导缝隙辐射金属基板上,得到了低雷达散射截面的波导缝隙天线。仿真结果表明:加载后的天线回波损耗和增益基本不变,在5.48~5.75 GHz工作频带内,法向RCS减缩都在3 d B以上,最大减缩达到15.8 d B,单站RCS在-18°~18°角域减缩超过3d B。证实了该吸波结构有良好的吸波效果,可以用于波导缝隙天线带内隐身。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.