炮兵计划火力的目标选取方法

计划火力是炮兵对计划内目标射击的首要工作,而计划火力的关键是正确、合理地选取打击的目标.根据炮兵射击指挥系统的功能和决策特点,利用计算机进行炮兵计划火力时,首先要提出了目标选取的原则和标准,通过对目标进行价值分析与排序,解决炮兵在计划火力时选取射击目标的关键问题,可用于完善炮兵射击指挥系统的计划火力功能,为炮兵指挥员的辅助决策提供依据.     

水面舰艇编队防空火力分配的灰色局势决策方法

针对水面舰艇编队在防空作战时如何适时、适量地选取火力分配方案。采用定性定量相结合的方法,重点剖析了灰色局势决策方法的具体求解步骤,并将之应用于水面舰艇编队对空防御时的火力分配方案优选。最后,通过实例验证了该方法的严谨性。以此确定的最优局势更具可信性,符合军事决策的特点。     

基于马尔柯夫过程的自行炮兵机动作战研究

针对信息化条件下机动作战对炮兵提出的新要求,根据炮兵战术理论和实际作战流程,应用马尔柯夫模型对自行炮兵机动作战转移决策进行了研究,建立了评定自行炮兵实施火力支援时的机动作战效能模型,反映了不同作战强度下自行炮兵能够有效进行火力支援的时间均值,最后通过仿真计算得出了可供参考的相关战术结论。     

神经网络和DEA方法的炮兵火力毁伤先验评估模型

提出运用BP神经网络理论和数据包络分析(DEA)方法,对炮兵火力毁伤先验评估问题进行研究。利用以往经验数据建立样本集,通过BP神经网络预测模型,对待评估的炮兵火力毁伤计划进行分析,预测其毁伤效益,再建立带有偏好锥结构的DEA评估模型,分析火力计划的可行性和合理性;最后以某部17组炮兵火力毁伤数据进行实例分析。结果表明,该模型能给出科学、明确、可靠的先验评估结果。     

基于灰色网络分析法的目标价值排序研究

以炮兵战场目标价值评价指标体系为基础,运用网络分析法确定指标权重,运用灰色系统理论确定评价灰类和总灰色评价权向量,建立基于灰色网络分析法的目标价值评价模型,旨在向指挥员提供可靠的目标攻击顺序建议,帮助指挥员开展后续的最优火力分配等决策工作。通过实例验证了评估模型的合理性和实用性。     

多指标下的炮兵火力最优分配

为了提高炮兵火力打击效能,提出了小生境遗传算法与模糊多目标决策相结合的混合算法,建立了多指标下的炮兵火力分配模型,并阐述了混合算法设计,给出了应用举例,结果表明,与传统的单指标下的炮兵火力最优分配相比,该方法更符合战场实际情况。     

物元理论在优选对地打击目标中的应用

优选对地打击目标是现代信息化战争条件下联合作战对地火力协调中心在计划火力时的首要任务。旨在从目标的重要性、可靠性、射击紧迫性及对其射击时自身被发现的机会四个因素入手,举例证明如何构造物元模型,做到定性与定量相结合,对于编制炮兵C4I系统计划火力软件具有一定的参考价值。     

炮兵火力任务分配的优化模型

现代作战,参战兵种多,炮兵的火力单位和类型更为复杂,不同的火力单位具有不同的毁伤效果,如何用最小的代价取得最大的军事效益,是一种火力任务分配的优化问题.根据不同炮种和目标的特点,建立在一定约束条件下的炮兵火力任务分配模型,并将其转化为指派问题,运用匈牙利算法求解,达到优化分配火力任务的目的.通过仿真计算证明这是辅助指挥员进行射击决策的一种有效手段,为作战指挥理论提供了一种新的数学模型.     

灰靶——军事决策模型的广义解

本文将灰色理论中的多目标局势决策应用于军事系统 ,讨论了在高科技条件下军事系统中的多目标优化问题 ,提出了军事决策理论中的灰靶概念 ,为军事决策系统分析提供了一种新颖的、实用的方法。     

舰艇编队作战系统的武器目标分配问题

设我方m艘战舰,对方n个来袭目标.运用灰色局势决策求得目标对各个战舰产生的威胁值排序;再用模拟退火算法,参考目标威胁,单舰根据自身装载的火力发射进行初步武器分配;最后将分配结果传送至融合中心,应用大系统理论的分解协调法,协调武器分配,使得我方武器对本批目标的打击概率最大.仿真基于VC++编程实现,具体分析了算法及思想的可行性.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.