基于H∞控制理论的某型导弹自动驾驶仪设计与仿真

研究了导弹制导回路鲁棒自动驾驶仪设计的理论与方法,并结合某型导弹进行了混合灵敏度自动驾驶仪的设计及仿真.仿真结果表明,设计的混合灵敏度自动驾驶仪对导弹模型的摄动表现出了较强的鲁棒性,可以控制导弹在大范围飞行过程中稳定且具有良好的时域响应性能.     

高性能防空战术导弹从优定向控制的现状和有关问题

本文提供了关于采用从优定向控制的防空战术导弹的自动驾驶仪发展现状概况,并指明有关影响稳定和控制特性的关键耦合回路和参量。一般说来,由于横向通道动力学耦合回路的增强,经典的侧滑一转弯自动驾驶仪体制限制了从优定向控制结构的应用可能性。仔细设计导弹弹体可以稍微缓和一下这一问题,但是,为了使性能达到最优,可能还需要改进自动驾驶仪的性能。还提出了与研制自动驾驶仪和具有期望特性的弹体结构有关的技术问题。     

基于ATS的导弹稳定回路半实物仿真系统设计

根据当前导弹自动驾驶仪测试现状,提出了一种基于导弹驾驶仪自动测试系统的控制稳定回路半实物仿真系统方案,利用虚拟仪器技术和PXI总线技术,组建高精度、多用途、具有自诊断功能的测试和仿真系统,它既能够实现对自动驾驶仪的综合测试,又能验证导弹控制律的优劣.系统基于模块化设计,具有良好的通用性和很强的可扩展性,能够完成不同型号导弹的测试和仿真任务.     

基于μ综合的导弹自动驾驶仪设计

为了满足高机动性要求,空空导弹常采用大攻角飞行;然而导弹大攻角飞行时存在通道间耦合严重、气动力系数摄动范围大等问题,使设计模型与实际对象误差严重,传统方法设计的自动驾驶仪很难满足鲁棒性要求.考虑导弹自动驾驶仪设计中存在的未建模误差和气动力系数摄动等不确定性因素,采用μ综合设计方法,以某型导弹为例对其俯仰通道驾驶仪进行了...     

“阿波罗”指挥舱和指挥舱/登月舱飞行器推力矢量控制数字自动驾驶仪

“阿波罗”指挥舱和指挥舱/登月舱飞行器推力矢量控制用的数字自动驾驶仪是由麻省理工学院仪表试验室研制的,这个飞行器的俯仰和偏航是通过将火箭发动机安装在常平架上的办法来控制,而飞行器的横滚则通过点燃控制系统的喷气发动机来控制。 喷气发动机点火用的较简单的相平面开关逻辑线路可以控制飞行器的横滚。但是,对俯仰和偏航的控制,由于飞行器的弹性振动,燃料的晃动,推力不重合以及控制回路的交联影响等一系列问题,需要更精心的设计。 本文阐述了用于研制俯仰和偏航自动驾驶仪的设计途径和分析方法。这种设计具有很多重要的特点,如由宇宙航行员控制的高-低带宽工作状态,时变增益,多种取样速率,用可清除系数实现滤波的广义滤波器,推力不重合校正回路以及双增益控制回路。 本文还说明了这些自动驾驶仪的工作特点和实现方法,并分析了它们的稳定性和控制特性。     

交联耦合对自旋导弹控制系统特性的影响分析

基于小扰动线性化的弹体运动模型,建立了自旋导弹的三回路自动驾驶仪控制模型,得到了复数形式的闭环传递函数。在此基础上,分析了闭环系统的交联特性,结果显示,三回路自动驾驶仪使自旋导弹实现了稳态解耦,且闭环稳态增益不受气动参数变化影响。利用复系数线性多项式稳定性判别方法,研究了自旋导弹的闭环稳定性,分析了交联项对三回路自动驾驶仪稳定裕度的影响情况,得到了系统的闭环稳定条件。     

单通道自旋导弹自动驾驶仪回路的变换及其简化

为了在准弹体坐标系下设计单通道旋转导弹的自动驾驶仪,给出了弹体坐标系下的自动驾驶仪结构,通过旋转变换,将弹体坐标系下的自动驾驶仪回路变换到准弹体坐标系下,仿真结果验证了该变换方法的正确性。对变换后的自动驾驶仪回路进行了简化,忽略两倍弹旋频率交变分量的影响,仿真结果表明了简化的可行性,可用简化后的模型在准弹体坐标系下进行自动驾驶仪设计。     

大攻角飞行空空导弹鲁棒自动驾驶仪设计

当前,导弹自动驾驶仪多采用经典设计方法。是在导弹气动参数变化不大、通道间的耦合较小的情况下设计的。为了满足导弹高机动性能要求,常采用大攻角飞行;然而导弹大攻角飞行时,将会出现空气动力学系数不确定性、非线性和通道间的严重耦合问题,这就要求所设计的自动驾驶仪具有较好的鲁棒性。就导弹在大攻角飞行状态下、通道间解耦的基础上,针对空气动力学系数不确定性,用μ方法对俯仰通道驾驶仪进行了设计,仿真表明该方法具有较好的鲁棒性能。     

导弹自动驾驶仪控制算法鲁棒性研究

以某型轴对称导弹为研究对象,在解耦和线性化的情况下,得到简化的数学模型。通过求解线性矩阵不等式(LMI)设计了状态反馈H∞控制导弹自动驾驶仪,采用模糊和变论域理论设计了变论域模糊PID控制自动驾驶仪。考虑飞行过程中的干扰、气动参数摄动,对两种自动驾驶仪的控制性能进行对比研究,仿真结果表明,二者皆能实现对导弹制导指令的有效跟踪,其中状态反馈H∞控制设计的自动驾驶仪在指令跟踪的快速性、准确性和抗干扰性上具有明显的优越性。     

基于变结构控制的自动驾驶仪设计

自动驾驶仪作为导弹制导控制系统的主要组成部分,是确保导弹在制导飞行中具有良好的稳定性和可控性的关键.而变结构控制以其在一定条件下对干扰和参数变化具有完全自适应的突出优点,在自动驾驶仪中已经有了深入的研究和实际的应用.简要概述了自动驾驶仪的设计难点、变结构在驾驶仪设计中的应用进展,然后针对战术导弹滚转通道设计了两种不同结构的变结构驾驶仪,并进行了仿真、分析比较.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.