命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤影响的数值分析

为研究装药命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,对直墙拱结构进行了一系列爆炸模拟分析,得到了直墙拱结构拱顶、拱脚和直墙底3个位置的爆炸应力和位移时程曲线。通过分析这3个位置的应力峰值和位移峰值,发现随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向荷载减小,而拱脚处水平方向荷载增大;随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向位移变形减小,而拱脚处水平方向位移变形增大。模拟分析得到的命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,可供防护工程设计时参考。     

条形装药在岩体中爆炸成腔过程的数值分析

利用LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序,对不同药量等级的条形装药,进行了无 限域岩体介质中的爆炸成腔数值模拟计算,得到了爆炸成腔过程的基本图像及爆腔形成的 位移时程曲线,通过对爆腔半径的数据分析对比,得到条形装药的长径比值k与爆腔半径和 装药半径之比值ra/R0呈线性关系、条形装药比集团装药具更强爆扩能力的结论。     

内爆炸坑道中冲击波冲量试验

为获得内爆炸情况下坑道中冲击波冲量的传播规律,进行了坑口内装药比例模型坑道爆炸试验.模型坑道为等截面钢筋混凝土直墙圆拱结构,截面积为0.67 m2;TNT炸药的装药量范围为400～800 g.用压力传感器记录了坑道中的冲击波波形,分析了实测的冲击波波形和冲击波冲量的传播规律,由实测数据拟合出了冲击波冲量沿着等截面直坑道传播的工程经验公式.算例分析表明,提出的冲击渡冲量工程经验公式具有一定的应用价值.     

最初的精确制导武器

伊拉克战争的硝烟虽早已散尽,但精确制导武器的大显身手还是给世人留下了深刻的印象。精确制导炸弹作为美军“倒萨”的急先锋,发挥了不可低估的作用。对于精确制导炸弹何时应用于战争,有不少人认为精确制导炸弹首次出现于越南战争,事实上,精确制导炸弹最早出现于第二次世界大战。在第二次世界大战中后期,德国开发了两种类型的炸弹——Ruhrstahl/KramerX1或简称X(FrHzX)和更先进的“亨舍尔”(HS293)。“弗利茨”X是一种制导滑翔炸弹。HS293则以火箭为动力机动至滑翔位置。两者都使用无线电波将炸弹导向目标。精确制导炸弹首次使用于1943…     

制导炸弹弹体结构可靠性分析与应用

对制导炸弹弹体结构可靠性进行了分析,提出了弹体结构可靠性设计的一般流程,介绍了一种常用的弹体结构可靠性工程计算方法—可靠性安全系数法,确定了计算弹体结构可靠度所需的常用材料变差系数及制导炸弹飞行过程中的载荷变差系数,优化了改进弹体结构可靠性的技术途径,使结构设计更加合理。     

精确制导武器

直接命中率大于50％的导弹、制导炸弹和制导炮弹统称为精确制导武器(precison guded weapon-PGW)。 精确制导导弹是依靠自身动力装备推进、由制导系统控制其飞行线路并导向目标的武器,它的种类很多,如地(舰)空导弹、空空导弹、空地导弹、反舰导弹、反坦克导弹、反辐射(反雷达)导弹和巡航导弹等。精确制导炸弹和炮弹,由飞机投掷或火炮发射,在接近目标时,弹药上的寻的器及控制系统根据目标和弹药的相对位置自行修正弹道直至命中目标。典型的精确制导炸弹有:美国的“宝石路”激光制导炸弹、“白眼星”电视制导炸弹,精确制导炮弹有美国的“铜斑蛇”半主动激光制导炸弹,德国、法国、荷兰联合研制的制导炮弹等。为了大面积精确杀伤,美国自70年代以来,先后研制了“斯基特”(Skeet)红外制导子弹药、“萨达姆”(SADARM)毫米波/红外制导了弹药和智能反坦克子弹药,用炸     

弹药家族之二【纵观弹药家族的谱系】(下)

现代弹药二战结束后,电子技术、光电子技术、火箭技术和新材料等高新技术的发展,成为弹药发展的强大推动力。制导弹药特别是70年代以来各种精确制导弹药的迅速发展和在局部战争中的成功应用,是这个时期弹药发展的一个显著特点。精确制导弹药除了有命中精度很高的各种导弹外,还有制导炸弹、制导炮弹、制导子弹药和有制导的地雷、鱼雷、水雷等,与此同时,其他弹药技术也获得了长足进步。火炮弹药广泛采用增程技术,出现了火箭增程弹、冲压发动机增程弹、底凹弹和底部排气弹等增程炮弹。液体发射药、模块化装药的研制取得重要进展,已经接近实用水平。随着坦克装甲防护     

地面爆炸条件下框架底层柱的破坏公式推导及数值模拟分析

由于常规武器地面爆炸时在地面附近形成了较为复杂的爆炸冲击波,该冲击波对附近军事目标的破坏非常严重.为便于对地面军事工程结构进行防护研究,有必要对军事工程结构的破坏距离进行预测和评估.在前人研究的基础上采用理论分析和数值模拟方法研究了常规武器地面爆炸条件下对框架底层柱的破坏作用.从理论上推导框架底层柱在遭受地面爆炸冲击荷载时的破坏程度预测公式,同时建立了炸药、空气、土壤和结构于一体的全耦合数值模型对推导公式进行了验证.结果表明理论推导和数值模拟计算结果较为一致,该公式可以为地面军事工程结构防常规武器打击提供一些建议和参考.     

21世纪初的制导炸弹

制导炸弹是在普通低阻航空炸弹上加装制导舱段,并改换弹翼组件而构成的精确制导武器,它集中了普通航空炸弹结构简单、价格便宜和空地导弹射程远、命中精度高的优点,是目前世界上装备、使用数量最多的一种价廉高效的空地制导武器。制导炸弹有激光制导、电视制导、红外成像制导、INS/GPS复合制导等多种制导方式,其中以激光制导炸弹最多、最普遍,命中精度也最高。 20世纪60年代以来,制导炸弹迅速     

动爆冲击波场空间位置分布规律研究

为研究装药速度对爆炸冲击波场空间位置分布规律的影响,对不同速度装药的空中爆炸冲击波场进行了数值模拟,获取了动爆冲击波场演化历程图像。仿真结果表明：装药速度影响下爆炸冲击波波阵面的形状不再为球形,并且冲击波作用场呈现沿装药速度方向移动的现象,其移动量可以由波阵面所围区域几何中心的移动来表征,移动停止时几何中心的移动距离与装药速度大小近似成正比。对几何中心的移动距离开展了量纲分析,并在仿真数据的基础上建立了装药速度影响下几何中心移动距离的工程计算模型,校验结果表明,计算模型的精度较好,具有一定普适性。     

Numerical study on the case effect of a bomb air explosion

When considering the bomb explosion damage effect, the air shock wave and high-speed fragments of the bomb case are two major threats. In experiments, the air shock wave was studied by the bare ex-plosives superseding the real cased bomb; in contrast, the bomb case influence was ignored to reduce risk. The air explosion simulations of the MK84 warhead with and without the case were conducted. The numerical simulation results showed that the bomb case significantly influenced the shock wave generated by the bomb: the spatial distribution of shock wave in the near field changed, and the peak value of shock wave was reduced. Breakage of the case and kinetic energy of the fragmentation consumed 3 and 38% of the explosion energy, respectively. The increasing factors of the peak over-pressure induced by the bare explosive on the ground and in the air were 1.43-3.04 and 1.37-1.57, respectively. Four typical stages of case breakage were defined. The mass distribution of the fragments follows the Mott distribution. The initial velocity distribution of the fragments agreed well with the Gurney equation.     

水下接触爆炸下液舱前置型防雷舱的动响应分析

为探讨防雷舱结构设计,采用有限元方法对同一防雷舱结构的典型模式和液舱前置模式进行数值仿真计算,通过对典型模式与实验结果的对比,验证了数值计算方法的有效性。着重分析了液舱前置对防雷舱结构动响应过程、失效模式及防护效能的影响,并分析了其形成机制。从结构破坏过程、载荷特性、吸能特性三个方面对比了两种模式的差异,探讨了两种模式防雷舱结构的防护机理,为舰船水下舷侧防护结构的工程设计提供了参考。     

水下近场非接触爆炸载荷作用下加筋板毁伤变形的数值仿真研究

采用高动态非线性有限元程序MSC.Dytran对复杂加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷下的动态响应和变形模式进行了仿真分析和模型试验,建立了复杂加筋板架结构水下爆炸作用下动态响应的有限元计算方法.研究了加筋板在水下爆炸载荷下的不同毁伤形式,并利用有限元程序对复杂毁伤形式进行了瞬态毁伤过程分析,认为一定药量近距离爆炸时局部破坏要先于整体破坏.     

Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet

To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine (SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model (SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed. By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168–1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor (WFRCA).     

Dynamic parameters of multi-cabin protective structure subjected to low-impact load – Numerical and experimental investigations

The dynamic response of a multi-cabin protective structure subjected to impact load directly affects the protective performance of materials; thus, studying the dynamic response and communication law of wave effect of the load plays an important role in the prediction of protective performance. In this study, the protection experiments of box-structure under air- and/or water-medium are conducted, the dynamic response of the structure subjected to low-impact load is analyzed, and the corresponding numerical simulations are analyzed using the theory of finite element method (FEM). Combined with experimental and FEM simulations, the shock strain distribution, acceleration attenuation, and signal energy in defensive materials are determined. Based on the results, the metal structure exhibits good absorption characteristics for shock vibration. Using the experimental data, we also show that the attenuation of shock wave in water medium should be significantly better than that in air medium, and the protective structure should be designed for a combination of water and air mediums. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation can provide a quantitative analysis process for dynamic analysis of defensive materials.     

Influences of different crossing types on dynamic response of underground cavern subjected to ground shock

An intersecting cavern is a common structural form used in underground engineering, and its safety and stability performance directly control the service performance of the whole project. The dynamic re-sponses of the three kinds of crossing type (+-shaped, T-shaped, L-shaped) caverns subjected to ground shock were studied by numerical simulation. The velocity plus force mode boundary setting method was proposed in the coupled static and dynamic analysis of a deep underground cavern. The results show that, among the three types of crossing caverns, the+-shaped cavern is the most significantly affected by the dynamic action, followed by T-shaped, and then L-shaped caverns. The vault settlement, straight wall deformation, vault peak particle velocity, effective plastic strain of surrounding rock, and maximum principal stress and strain at the bottom of the lining of the straight wall increase with the increase of cavern span. The vault settlement, straight wall deformation, effective plastic strain of surrounding rock, and the maximum principal stress and strain at the bottom of lining to the straight wall decrease with the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, and the peak particle velocity at the vault increases. The variation is small compared with the change of cavern span. The influence range of the underground cavern intersection is two cavern diameters from the intersection centre. The bottom of the straight wall at the intersection is the weak part. It is suggested to thicken the support locally to improve the stability of the cavern.     

美国地下空间作战运用及发展趋势分析

美国十分重视地下空间的作战运用,已建成了一批先进的地下指挥防护工程体系与军民结合的地下工程。美国地下空间的作战运用较晚,但发展较快,一些重要城市地下空间的大规模开发与利用,为战时地下空间的作战运用奠定了物质基础。文章研究了美具有代表性的战略指挥防护工程,深入分析美国地下空间的运用特点和发展趋势,对我国地下空间利用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸实验与数值仿真研究

对模拟油罐内油气混合物爆炸冲击波特性进行了研究.在直径为1 m的模拟油罐中进行了油气混合物爆炸模拟实验,建立了模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸的数值仿真模型,并借助大型商业软件Fluent6.2完成了数值仿真研究.数值仿真结果与实验值较为吻合.模拟实验和数值仿真研究的结果表明:油气体积分数、罐内初始温度等决定模拟油罐油气混合物爆炸压力的大小.油罐内爆炸压力波的振荡特性对金属油罐结构来说是有害的.     

解析方法与数值模拟相结合求解炸药在容器内部爆炸产生的壁面载荷

本文采用总变差递减（TVD）数值方法与强爆炸解析解相结合的手段,求解了炸药在爆炸容器内部产生的作用载荷。计算结果与实验值在几个典型位置进行了比较,二者有良好的符合。与单纯的数值方法相比,本文所探索的方法能有效地克服对称轴附近的数值振荡,不失为确定爆炸载荷的一种新途径。     

某型火箭增程破甲弹发动机弹道炸分析与处理

根据某型火箭增程破甲弹,在研制阶段做高、底温强度试验时分别出现发动机弹道炸的质量问题,结合实践在理论方面进行了分析,提出了对发动机燃烧室内个别件改进设计的方法。