液化石油气火灾的预防及扑救

在分析液化石油气的组成成份及其理化性质的基础上,针对液化石油气的火灾危险性及火灾特点,提出了防火防爆及火灾扑救措施.     

谈液化石油气泄漏事故的处置

从分析液化石油气的性质和泄漏成因入手,结合多年的灭火体会,总结了液化石油气止漏、排除的一般方法,事故现场的指挥程序和扑救措施.     

液化石油气的安全管理及使用

本文通过对液化石油气的运输、储存及使用各个环节的介绍,着重阐述了在液化石油气管理及使用过程中存在的火灾隐患及其安全对策。     

LPG储罐区池火灾危险性分析及扑救对策

综合SFPE推荐的池火灾火焰热辐射计算模型,结合热辐射伤害破坏准则,分析了LPG储罐区池火灾的危险性,应用该方法计算分析了某LPG站发生池火灾时的伤害破坏范围。根据计算分析结果,在扑救LPG储罐区池火灾的过程中,对于按照有关国家标准规定的防火距离布置的LPG储罐区,仍然需要重点冷却着火罐及相邻罐,防止长时间火焰热辐射作用导致储罐破裂,发生沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸,同时,确定了消防人员和装备的安全距离。     

液化石油气钢瓶爆炸原因的调查认定

液化石油气作为工业与民用燃料得到日益广泛的使用,但由于液化石油气的易燃、易爆等特性,其爆炸火灾事故时有发生。液化石油气爆炸火灾事故主要有两种类型;一种是液化石油气泄漏后遇点火源而发生空间爆炸;另一种是液化石油气瓶(罐)发生爆炸     

液化石油气储罐区火灾危险性评价

对液化石油气罐区的危险性进行了分析,分别对蒸气云爆炸和沸腾液体扩展蒸气云爆炸类型进行了定量评价。并以某罐区为例,对其危险性进行了定量评价,并对结果进行了分析,确定了其火灾、爆炸事故的严重度、伤害范围等。实例验证了该评价方法的简单实用性,对罐区制定相应的预防措施具有参考价值。     

扑救高层建筑火灾几个关键问题思考

高层建筑高度高、规模大、可燃物多、设施齐全、功能用途复杂、火灾危险性大,一旦发生火灾,蔓延迅速,人员疏散困难,扑救难度大,严重威胁高层建筑内人员生命财产安全。如何有效处置高层建筑火灾是消防部队面临的新课题。通过对扑救高层建筑火灾几个关键性问题的思考,探讨火灾发展变化的特点和火灾扑救的难点,提出了扑救该类火灾的建设性意见。     

某焦化厂消防安全定量评价

煤化工生产的原料和产物绝大多数为易燃、易爆、有毒物质,其火灾危险性决定了煤化工生产火灾具有易爆炸、难扑救、损失大等特点。运用道化学公司火灾爆炸危险指数法,通过火灾爆炸危险指数法的程序,以粗苯为例,获得发生事故造成的停产损失,并提出了改善安全生产环境的措施,对建立生产场所安全评价方法体系具有指导意义。     

工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法应用探讨

运用工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法对发生在韩国的一起液化石油气充装站火灾爆炸事故进行了量化分析.结果表明在沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生前的21 min时间内约有6.0t的丁烷泄漏并参与到池火燃烧中;丁烷槽车胶管与丁烷地下储罐管线之间的不良连接是导致丁烷泄漏的原因,其有效泄漏直径为27 mm;参与火球燃烧的丁烷为3.7t,约占沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生时槽车内剩余丁烷的62％;参与火球燃烧的丙烷为8.0t,约占丙烷槽车全部装载量的53％.     

砺炼铁拳降“火魔”——山西省左权县民兵防火应急分队剪影

山西省左权县人武部针对该县森林防火形势严峻的实际,组织民兵应急分队以实战为背景进行扑火演练,并不断完善组织指挥预案,有效地提高了民兵应急分队快速反应和扑救森林火灾的能力,先后多次完成扑救森林火灾的重大任务,为保护国家森林和当地人民群众的生命财产安全做出积极的贡献。     

煤层气加气站火灾爆炸危险性分析及消防对策

根据太原市煤层气加气站的具体情况,从设备安全、规范化安全管理等方面分析了CNG加气站的火灾爆炸危险性,探讨煤层气加气站消防安全的技术措施及对策。     

爆竹销毁爆炸对建筑物振动影响分析

利用爆竹集中销毁时,爆炸产生的空气冲击波超压对附近建筑物玻璃的破坏程度推算此次爆炸的相当药量,然后根据建筑物的保护对象类别和岩石性质等参数计算出振动的安全允许距离,并和建筑物距离爆点的最近距离相比较,从而得出分析结果.     

撬装式LNG加气站消防安全设计探析

撬装式LNG加气站简便、灵活,具有易燃易爆危险性、工作环境特殊性等特点。目前关于撬装式LNG加气站没有明确的国家规范,因此探讨其消防安全设计至关重要。介绍了撬装式LNG加气站的优势,应用系统的思想方法,从总平面布局、防火间距、建（构）筑物设计、工艺安全设计、设置控制报警系统、电气安全设计、给排水系统设计、灭火器配置等方面探讨了撬装式LNG加气站的消防安全设计,为该种加气站的发展提供安全保障。     

Investigation on energy output structure of explosives near-ground explosion

In order to give the energy output structure of typical explosives near-ground explosion in real ground conditions, the free-field shockwave, ground reflection shockwave and Mach wave overpressure time history of composition B explosive, RDX explosive and aluminized explosive were measured by air pressure sensors and ground pressure sensors. The shape of the free-field shock wave, ground reflection shock wave, and Mach wave and explosion flame were captured by high-speed camera. The experimental results show that, at the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of explosive shock wave of composition B explosive, both in the air and on the ground, is less than that of RDX and aluminized explosives. At a distance of 3.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is slightly less than that of RDX explosives. Owing to the exothermic effect of aluminum powder, the pressure drop of aluminized explosives is slower than that of RDX explosives. At 5.0 m from the initiation point, the peak overpressure of aluminized explosives is larger than that of RDX explosives. At the same position from the initiation point, among the three kinds of explosives, the impulse of aluminized explosives is the maximum and the impulse of composition B explosives is the minimum. With the increase of the horizontal distance from the initiation point, the height of Mach triple-points (Mach steam) of the three explosives increases gradually. At the same horizontal distance from the initiation point, there is poorly difference in the height of Mach triple-points between aluminized explosive and RDX explosive, and the height of Mach triple-points of composition B explosive is much smaller than that of other two explosives. The maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by aluminized explosives are the largest, followed by composition B explosive, and the maximum diameter and duration of the fireball formed by RDX explosive are the smallest.     

Mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of blast shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space

The mitigation of blast shock with water has broad application prospects. Understanding the mitigation effects on the reflected overpressure of the explosion shock with water surrounding an explosive in a confined space is of great significance for military explosives safety applications. To estimate the effects of the parameters on the reflected overpressure of blasted shock wave, a series of experiments were carried out in confined containers with spherical explosives immersed in a certain thickness of water, and numerical simulations were conducted to explore the corresponding mechanisms. The results reveal that the reflected overpressure is abnormally aggravated at a small scaled distance. This aggravation is due to the high impulse of the bulk accelerated water shell converted from the explosion. With increasing scaled distance, the energy will be gradually dissipated. The mitigation effects will appear with the dispersed water phase front impacting at a larger scaled distance, except in the case of a dense water phase state. A critical scaled distance range of 0.7—0.8 m/kg1/3 for effective mitigation was found. It is suggested that the scaled distance of space walls should be larger than the critical value for a certain water-to-explosive weight ratio range (5—20).     

抢险救灾行动应急指挥机制研究

军队遂行抢险救灾应急指挥行动,要结合实际建立健全情报预警、快速反应、联合指挥、指挥控制的应急指挥机制,切实提高军队完成抢险救灾行动的能力,迅速、高效、有序地实施抢险应急救援行动,确保社会稳定,确保人民生命和财产的安全。     

烟花爆竹及民用爆炸物品建筑工程消防审核验收探讨

结合烟花爆竹、民用爆炸物品的生产、储存火灾危险性,探讨了公安机关消防机构如何对烟花爆竹、民用爆炸物品生产、储存场所进行消防设计审核验收,以起到加强烟花爆竹、民用爆炸物品生产、储存建筑消防安全的目的。     

大型商业性建筑安全疏散策略研究

近年来,大型商业性建筑火灾事故时有发生,造成了重大损失,火灾发生时如何提高人员的疏散效率是降低伤亡率的要素.通过对大型商业性建筑火灾危险性和疏散中存在的问题进行分析,结合实际从设置消防救援窗,严格划分防火分区,合理设置疏散楼梯和安全出口,制定安全疏散预案,加强消防安全培训,充分利用声光报警等方面论述了优化大型商业性建筑人员疏散效率的策略.     

地震灾害应急救援队行动准则初探

从地震灾害的形成和影响地震灾害大小的因素入手,探讨地震灾害应急救援队能力界定的要素、衡量标准、影响因素等问题,规范了地震灾害救援的程序、搜救行动的持续时间、救援过程中的行动要求、救援过程中注意的事项和救援过程中二次伤害的预防等行动准则,目的是提升地震灾害救援队救援能力。     

谈规范标准工业厂房消防设计对灭火救援的影响及意义

由于各种原因现有的＂标准工业厂房＂在其投入使用后,往往会给消防监督管理和灭火救援带来诸多的问题,通过分析这些原因和问题,提出了在其消防设计、监督管理中减少或杜绝类似问题发生的建议。