基于H∞滤波的机载单站无源定位技术

机载单站无源定位技术正成为当前精确定位技术的研究热点,基于方位角变化率,建立了空间定位模型,针对目标机动,噪声统计特性不确定等实战环境,引入鲁棒控制理论中的H∞滤波,提出了一种新的定位跟踪算法,仿真结果表明,该方法增强了定位系统的鲁棒性,具有较好的定位性能.     

基于UKF和后向平滑的单站无源定位跟踪算法

为利用无源固定单站对运动辐射源快速定位,将不敏卡尔曼滤波(UKF)和后向平滑算法应用于单站无源定位,给出了一种基于后向平滑的改进UKF算法;该算法利用当前时刻滤波结果通过后向平滑算法平滑估计前一时刻状态向量和协方差矩阵的估计值,为前向滤波提供较高精度的起始值。仿真结果表明改进的UKF算法在保证实时性的基础上改善了定位性能。     

混合粒子滤波被动定位算法

为实现空中机动单站对运动目标的快速无源定位,提出了一种基于测向交叉定位方法的混合粒子滤波算法.针对粒子滤波初始化存在的问题,该算法从测向交叉定位方法得到建议分布,利用角度测量对状态变量的约束关系产生所需粒子,避免了粒子滤波产生粒子时的随机性,减少了高维情况下所需的粒子数目,降低了运算成本,提高了粒子滤波的实时性能.与粒...     

基于QMC-IPF-JPDA的多目标无源协同定位算法

针对杂波环境中多目标的检测跟踪问题,提出一种基于拟蒙特卡罗智能粒子滤波联合概率数据关联的无源协同定位算法。该算法建立双基站无源协同定位系统目标检测跟踪的数学模型。通过拟蒙特卡罗技术使粒子分布更加均匀,并对更新阶段的粒子进行交叉变异以提高粒子多样性。结合测量信息,利用联合概率数据关联算法实现多目标检测跟踪。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效解决杂波环境下多目标检测跟踪问题,提高跟踪性能。     

改进IMM的两飞行体无源定位跟踪算法

IMMPF算法巨大的计算量影响跟踪的实时性。针对这一问题,在基于相位差变化率的两飞行体无源定位问题的基础上提出了一种改进的交互式多模型滤波算法(IMMK-UKF-PF),利用不同的模型匹配不同类型的滤波器,充分发挥了粒子滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波以及卡尔曼滤波各自的优点。仿真结果表明,该算法大大提高了计算效率,减少了跟踪定位所用时间,同时具有良好的跟踪性能和较强的鲁棒性。     

融入粒子群优化的UPF算法研究及其导航应用

粒子滤波易出现粒子多样性损失,粒子退化等问题,且在初始未知时,需要粒子数较多,收敛较慢。针对上述缺陷,在UKF和PF滤波基础上,将改进了搜索因子的粒子群优化算法融入U粒子滤波算法,提出了一种新型粒子滤波算法,加速了算法的收敛速度。将其应用于地形匹配导航算法中,仿真结果表明该新型算法明显优于UPF及PF算法,更适应于大误差的初始条件下,收敛速度快,具有更高的导航精度和抗噪特性。     

星载干涉仪无源定位新方法及其误差分析

针对传统单星二维干涉仪测向定位存在的设备量大、易受通道间幅度/相位不一致性影响等缺点,提出了在单颗自旋卫星上只安装两个接收通道构成一维干涉仪,测量相位差变化率的无源定位新方法,采用了基于粒子群优化(PSO)的定位算法,分析了干涉仪转速以及旋转平面对定位性能的影响.结果表明,增大干涉仪转速有利于提高定位精度,为了使星下点周围各个方向上都有较好的定位精度,干涉仪旋转平面应与初始观测时刻卫星位置矢量垂直,PS0算法的定位精度能够接近定位误差的克拉美罗下限(CRLB).     

粒子滤波算法在单站无源定位中的应用

单站无源定位是目标跟踪领域的一个研究热点问题.首先介绍了采用增加观测信息量的方法来实现单站无源定位的技术,即方位/多普勒频率联合定位方法,对其定位原理以及实现进行分析讨论.引入一种新的滤波器-粒子滤波器方法(Particle Filter,PF)探讨了海面上运动的观测平台对远距离运动目标定位的应用背景,对目标的原始定位结果进行滤波处理,以减弱测量噪声的影响,提高定位的精度.仿真结果表明了这一处理算法的有效性以及高精度.     

基于模糊聚类的粒子群算法在雷达组网优化布站中的应用

提出了一种基于模糊C-均值聚类的粒子群算法,将其应用于雷达组网优化布站.定性分析了雷达组网布站原则并对其量化,建立了优化布站的数学模型.为加快求解速度,结合模糊C-均值聚类对标准粒子群算法进行了改进,给出了基于模糊C-均值聚类的粒子群算法在该优化问题中的设计方法,并与标准粒子群算法和遗传算法进行了仿真对比.结果表明,该方法能够快速得出雷达组网优化布站方案,验证了雷达组网布站模型的可行性和改进算法的有效性.     

基于TDOA的双基无源定位方案

多站时差定位是一种较精确的定位方法,通过处理3个或3个以上测量站采集的信号到达时间来对辐射源定位.论述了多站时差无源定位的基本原理,提出了一种基于陆空平台相结合的TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival)双基无源定位方案.主要论述了时差双基无源定位的基本原理,以及观测站与空中目标的同步、地面观测站的选择、误差校正等主要问题的实现方案,并给出了参与对目标视察定位的地面观测站的选择算法.此方案定位算法及定位精度仍在研究阶段.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

物理学中的辩证自然观——控制、信息、系统与辩证自然观

和谐律、守恒律、方向律是自然辩证法中自然观的三大规律,它们贯穿、融合并体现于各具体学科的研究领域中。本文主要以自然辨证规律在控制与系统科学中的体现为依托,系统阐述物理学中控制系统理论与信息理论及其应用中自然观三大规律的具体表现。     

The practice and theory of British counterinsurgency: the histories of the atrocities at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul, 1938–1939

This article details two largely unreported atrocities by British forces operating against Arab rebels during the Arab revolt, 1936–9, at the Palestinian villages of al-Bassa and Halhul. It then examines the military-legal system that underpinned and authorised British military forces operating in aid of the civil power, suggesting that the law in place at the time allowed for a level of reprisals and punitive actions, such as happened at al-Bassa and Halhul. The article does not conclude that the law allowed for atrocities but it does argue that it gave a basic form and understanding to an operational method that was brutal and could lead to atrocities. It thus tests the idea in much of the literature on counterinsurgency that the British were restrained and used minimum force when compared to other colonial and neo-colonial powers fighting insurgents.