无人机系统的系统效能评估

定量分析和评估无人机系统在给定作战环境下完成高空电视侦察目标任务的程度,依据美国工业界武器系统效能咨询委员会给出的模型和方法,以完成发现和识别目标任务的相符程度作为效能量度,对无人机系统的效能进行了分析和评估建模,实现了无人机系统可用度、可信性、系统能力的计算,给出了无人机系统效能的一种基本算法和公式.     

基于视觉的飞行器智能目标检测对抗攻击技术

随着人工智能技术和计算机视觉技术的快速发展,利用智能目标检测技术识别空中出现的侦察机、无人机等飞行器目标已经成为了一种常见的军事防御手段.针对从数字图像层面对基于深度学习网络的目标检测模型进行混淆、欺骗,并在未来将数字攻击结果实物化的可行性问题,提出了一种基于视觉的限定攻击区域的飞行器目标检测对抗攻击方法.利用飞行器数...     

基于改进多维粒子群的多无人机任务分配方法

针对复杂战场环境下的多无人机任务规划解空间维度不确定、任务需求随时间变化等问题,提出了一种基于改进多维粒子群算法的多无人机任务分配方法。该方法构建了适应度函数集,应用多个适应度函数来限制种群趋向,同时采用基于时变目标价值的映射变量,建立目标价值随时间变化的多无人机目标决策模型;而后引入整数编码机制,构建面向任务序列的多维粒子,利用改进的自适应多维粒子群算法,得到最优维度下多无人机的任务分配优化方案。仿真实验结果表明：基于改进多维粒子群算法的多无人机任务规划方法可在最优解空间下,获得更好的任务动态分配效果,收敛速度更快,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

融合地面多传感器信息引导无人机着陆

针对无人机自主着陆过程中卫星导航系统易被干扰的问题,提出了一种基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法。采用主动式激光照射的方式,获取机载反射棱镜的近红外成像,在红外图像中对无人机目标进行识别;通过坐标转换将识别结果映射到可见光图像中,在可见光图像中选择的感兴趣区域进行可见光目标识别,从而在降低计算量的基础上获得更加精确的无人机相对角度信息;利用距离测量信息和引导系统角度信息可以获得精确的无人机相对位置。无人机着陆引导试验结果表明,该方法能够提供精确的无人机位置信息,能有效适应于复杂背景下的无人机自主着陆引导。     

基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法

针对无人机自主着陆过程中卫星导航系统易被干扰的问题,提出了一种基于地基多传感器融合的无人机自主着陆引导方法。首先采用主动式激光照射的方式,获取机载反射棱镜的近红外成像,在红外图像中对无人机目标进行识别;然后通过坐标转换将识别结果映射到可见光图像中,在可见光图像中选择的感兴趣区域进行可见光目标识别,从而在降低计算量的基础上获得更加精确的无人机相对角度信息;最后利用距离测量信息和引导系统角度信息可以获得精确的无人机相对位置。无人机着陆引导试验结果表明,该方法能够提供精确的无人机位置信息,能有效适应于复杂背景下的无人机自主着陆引导。     

基于视觉的无人机大范围室外道路检测及拓扑地图构建

空地协作中空中机器人对室外可行道路的检测与建图,有利于提升地面机器人的导航能力.为了实现上述功能,提出了一种新的基于道路分割、图像拼接、骨架提取的无人机大范围室外道路检测及拓扑地图构建方法.首先,为了解决无人机基于航拍图像的道路识别问题,通过D-LinkNet网络完成对无人机航拍图像中道路的分割,并在保证分割准确率的情...     

基于TensorFlow的四旋翼无人机着陆地标识别

针对多旋翼无人机在无人干预情况下的自主着陆问题,提出一种基于迁移学习的地面标识图像检测方法.该方法基于TensorFlow深度学习框架,使用迁移学习技术在地面标识数据集上重新训练Inception-v3模型以构建新的地面标识识别模型.以四旋翼无人机为例,将其拍摄的着陆坪图片与其他地面标识图片作为训练集输入神经网络,通过多次训练校正神经网络参数.实验结果表明,基于迁移学习的四旋翼无人机着陆地标识别比直接基于In-ception-v3模型的识别效果要好得多,在仅有数千张训练图片的情况下,测试准确率超过90％.在Windows下训练、测试的模型可移植到树莓派3B上,完成了基于Python和TensorFlow开发的程序在不同操作系统下运行的验证工作.     

对海目标识别中舰载预警直升机引导舰载无人机的方法及阵位配置

针对水面舰艇编队对海攻击时的目标识别需求,提出了舰载预警直升机引导舰载无人机实施对海目标识别的协同样式。从引导识别的基本过程入手,建立了舰载无人机占领预定识别阵位的运动要素计算模型;基于以最短时间到达预定识别阵位的要求,建立了舰载无人机目标识别时,相对舰载预警直升机阵位配置的拟合模型,并针对舰载无人机识别时的反应时间和识别距离,建立了舰载无人机阵位配置的修正模型,为水面舰艇编队对海攻击中的目标识别提供了新手段。     

基于注意力与通道重排的无人机对地目标检测算法

无人机自主察打对地攻击场景中,针对无人机作战时效性强,地面目标识别场景复杂,存在模型训练、推理速度慢,小目标检测漏检、误检的问题,提出一种基于注意力机制与通道重排思想的无人机对地目标检测算法。该算法引入CA(coordinate attention)注意力机制,可提高网络对关注部分的特征提取能力;且对主干网络进行通道重排(channel shuffle)轻量化处理,可有效减少多次卷积造成的特征损失;最后,为提升战时训练及推理速度,替换部分激活函数为H-Swish,优化其损失函数为CIoU(complete intersection over union)。实验证明：采用改进的新算法,提升了28.4%训练速度,目标识别的平均精度均值(mean average precision, mAP)达99.1%,可实现最小目标检测为19*25像素,经TensorRT加速后检测速率达72.99 FPS,满足实时检测需求,针对复杂地形下的坦克小目标检测性能较好。     

基于一致性群组算法的多无人机自主协同任务分配

多无人机自主协同是当前无人机参与空战的趋势,无人机具有基于信息共享的自主任务分配能力对提高其自主作战能力具有重大意义.首先,采用基于竞拍的一致性算法解决单个无人机完成单个任务的任务分配问题.其次,采用基于一致性的拍卖包算法解决单个无人机完成多个任务的分配问题.然后提出了一致性的群组算法,解决了多无人机到多任务的任务分配...     

Multi-scale traffic vehicle detection based on faster R-CNN with NAS optimization and feature enrichment

It well known that vehicle detection is an important component of the field of object detection. However, the environment of vehicle detection is particularly sophisticated in practical processes. It is compara-tively difficult to detect vehicles of various scales in traffic scene images, because the vehicles partially obscured by green belts, roadblocks or other vehicles, as well as influence of some low illumination weather. In this paper, we present a model based on Faster R-CNN with NAS optimization and feature enrichment to realize the effective detection of multi-scale vehicle targets in traffic scenes. First, we proposed a Retinex-based image adaptive correction algorithm (RIAC) to enhance the traffic images in the dataset to reduce the influence of shadow and illumination, and improve the image quality. Second, in order to improve the feature expression of the backbone network, we conducted Neural Architecture Search (NAS) on the backbone network used for feature extraction of Faster R-CNN to generate the optimal cross-layer connection to extract multi-layer features more effectively. Third, we used the object Feature Enrichment that combines the multi-layer feature information and the context information of the last layer after cross-layer connection to enrich the information of vehicle targets, and improve the robustness of the model for challenging targets such as small scale and severe occlusion. In the imple-mentation of the model, K-means clustering algorithm was used to select the suitable anchor size for our dataset to improve the convergence speed of the model. Our model has been trained and tested on the UN-DETRAC dataset, and the obtained results indicate that our method has art-of-state detection performance.     

自然场景车标数据集的构建及其应用

车标作为车辆身份的关键特征之一,在车辆的监控与辨识中发挥着重要作用。由于自然场景复杂多变,对其中的车标进行准确识别仍具有很大的挑战性。目前公开数据库很少且存在诸多局限,导致研究缺乏可信度和实用性。本文建立了一个面向自然场景的全新数据集,包含多种采集环境下的10 324幅、67类车辆图像。基于此数据集开展应用研究,提出一个目标检测与深度学习相结合的车标识别方法,包括车标区域定位和车标种类预测两大步骤。实验表明,该方法对复杂背景有较强的适应性,在涉及30种车标的分类任务中达到89.0%的总体识别率。     

亚音速飞行目标气动噪声方位角估计技术

亚音速飞行弹道气动声源是宽带非平稳噪声。提出基于小波函数的波达方向估计算法,并采用时频分析方法进行特征分析,获取气动噪声显著目标特性。通过优化时间-空间谱特征,对在时频域空间谱的目标信号进行优化,从而增强目标信号在空间谱上的显著性,最终有效实现亚音速飞行弹道气动声源的角度估计。实验数据验证表明,基于时频分析阵列信号处理模型,可以更好地实现亚音速飞行目标气动噪声方位角估计。     

基于正交实验设计的UAV编队配系优化方法

针对多无人机执行对地攻击作战任务的背景,建立了编队对地攻击模型,提出了基于正交实验设计的编队配系优化方法。在考虑多机协同作战因素下,构建了编队目标分配的基本模型;以探测、识别和杀伤为基本过程,构建了攻击过程模型;以空袭方付出代价、防空方毁伤程度和作战效率为依据,构建了目标函数模型,分析了模型中中间变量与目标函数之间的关系;利用正交实验设计原理,研究了编队配系优劣的评价方法。实例分析表明,该方法能够在已有的资源约束条件下,给出编队的最优配系方案。     

Fuzzy recognition of missile borne multi-line array infrared detection based on size calculating

In order to improve the infrared detection and discrimination ability of the smart munition to the dy-namic armor target under the complex background, the multi-line array infrared detection system is established based on the combination of the single unit infrared detector. The surface dimension features of ground armored targets are identified by size calculating solution algorithm. The signal response value and the value of size calculating are identified by the method of fuzzy recognition to make the fuzzy classification judgment for armored target. According to the characteristics of the target signal, a custom threshold de-noising function is proposed to solve the problem of signal preprocessing. The multi-line array infrared detection can complete the scanning detection in a large area in a short time with the characteristics of smart munition in the steady-state scanning stage. The method solves the disadvan-tages of wide scanning interval and low detection probability of single unit infrared detection. By reducing the scanning interval, the number of random rendezvous in the infrared feature area of the upper surface is increased, the accuracy of the size calculating is guaranteed. The experiments results show that in the fuzzy recognition method, the size calculating is introduced as the feature operator, which can improve the recognition ability of the ground armor target with different shape size.     

Visual-simulation region proposal and generative adversarial network based ground military target recognition

Ground military target recognition plays a crucial role in unmanned equipment and grasping the battlefield dynamics for military applications, but is disturbed by low-resolution and noisy-representation. In this paper, a recognition method, involving a novel visual attention mechanism-based Gabor region proposal sub-network (Gabor RPN) and improved refinement generative adversarial sub-network (GAN), is proposed. Novel central–peripheral rivalry 3D color Gabor filters are proposed to simulate retinal structures and taken as feature extraction convolutional kernels in low-level layer to improve the recognition accuracy and framework training efficiency in Gabor RPN. Improved refinement GAN is used to solve the problem of blurry target classification, involving a generator to directly generate large high-resolution images from small blurry ones and a discriminator to distinguish not only real images vs. fake images but also the class of targets. A special recognition dataset for ground military target, named Ground Military Target Dataset (GMTD), is constructed. Experiments performed on the GMTD dataset effectively demonstrate that our method can achieve better energy-saving and recognition results when low-resolution and noisy-representation targets are involved, thus ensuring this algorithm a good engineering application prospect.     

混合不确定条件下的飞行器级间分离可靠性分析

为量化飞行器级间分离过程随机不确定性和认知不确定性的综合影响,结合概率和区间理论混合模型特点,提出了一种基于随机和区间理论混合模型的飞行器级间分离可靠性分析方法。面向高超声速飞行器分离任务需求,建立分离动力学仿真模型,针对级间分离结构的几何特点,设计了一种快速碰撞检测方法,进而构建了分离任务的可靠性分析混合模型。通 过将该模型转化为随机可靠性分析的无约束优化问题,考虑分离过程中复杂外力及力矩导致功能函数高度非线性的特点,利用高效全局优化和主动学习Kriging方法实现无约束优化问题高效求解。结合实例表明,该方法能够准确描述混合不确定性因素对飞行器分离过程的影响,给出了飞行器分离任务可靠性区间,可为飞行器分离方案的精细化设计提供决策支持。     

基于灰色关联的预警系统目标识别

针对弹道导弹预警系统目标识别任务的特点,通过分析弹道导弹和飞机目标间的运动特性差异,采用灰色关联分析方法建立了目标类型识别模型,给出了进行目标类型识别的具体步骤。该方法直接从雷达测量数据出发,具有简单、准确的优点。具体的算例验证了基于灰色关联分析的目标类型识别模型应用于目标识别的可行性和有效性。     

Bidirectional parallel multi-branch convolution feature pyramid network for target detection in aerial images of swarm UAVs

In this paper, based on a bidirectional parallel multi-branch feature pyramid network (BPMFPN), a novel one-stage object detector called BPMFPN Det is proposed for real-time detection of ground multi-scale targets by swarm unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). First, the bidirectional parallel multi-branch convolution modules are used to construct the feature pyramid to enhance the feature expression abilities of different scale feature layers. Next, the feature pyramid is integrated into the single-stage object detection framework to ensure real-time performance. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, experiments are conducted on four datasets. For the PASCAL VOC dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves the mean average precision (mAP) of 85.4 on the VOC 2007 test set. With regard to the detection in optical remote sensing (DIOR) dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves 73.9 mAP. For vehicle detection in aerial imagery (VEDAI) dataset, the detection accuracy of small land vehicle (slv) targets reaches 97.4 mAP. For unmanned aerial vehicle detection and tracking (UAVDT) dataset, the proposed BPMFPN Det achieves the mAP of 48.75. Compared with the previous state-of-the-art methods, the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are more competitive. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the problem of real-time detection of ground multi-scale targets in aerial images of swarm UAVs.     

Fast-armored target detection based on multi-scale representation and guided anchor

Focused on the task of fast and accurate armored target detection in ground battlefield, a detection method based on multi-scale representation network (MS-RN) and shape-fixed Guided Anchor (SF-GA) scheme is proposed. Firstly, considering the large-scale variation and camouflage of armored target, a new MS-RN integrating contextual information in battlefield environment is designed. The MS-RN extracts deep features from templates with different scales and strengthens the detection ability of small targets. Armored targets of different sizes are detected on different representation features. Secondly, aiming at the accuracy and real-time detection requirements, improved shape-fixed Guided Anchor is used on feature maps of different scales to recommend regions of interests (ROIs). Different from sliding or random anchor, the SF-GA can filter out 80% of the regions while still improving the recall. A special detection dataset for armored target, named Armored Target Dataset (ARTD), is constructed, based on which the comparable experiments with state-of-art detection methods are conducted. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves outstanding performance in detection accuracy and efficiency, especially when small armored targets are involved.