基于犹豫度特征改进的新的直觉模糊相似度

直觉模糊集之间关系的密切程度可用相似度来度量。近年来提出了多种定义两个直觉模糊集相似度的方法,但这些方法对犹豫度的考虑不够,因而计算出的相似度大多存在反例。依据直觉模糊集信息的波动性和不确定性特征,补充拓展定义了直觉模糊相似度,并基于此给出了直觉模糊相似度的计算公式。最后在人工框架测试集中进行了验证,结果不存在反例。     

反导案例匹配中的距离度量算子北大核心

反导作战中运用案例推理的方法重用以往的相似案例可以提高决策效率,在相似案例的匹配中对于数值属性的相似度计算常用到的是基于距离的度量方法,现有的基于距离度量的方法对于较相似案例之间的区分性不高。针对这一问题,提出一种新的距离度量算子,经数学公式推导证明了其合理性,通过与其他度量算子的对比,证明该算子在2个数值相差很小时有着更高的分辨率。用该算子改进欧式距离,在弹道导弹相似识别实验中验证了其有效性。     

基于三角形拓扑相似性的航迹关联算法

针对多个传感器量测航迹在系统误差下关联融合困难的问题,提出基于拓扑4交差模型和三角形拓扑相似度的航迹关联方法,将传感器探测目标分成若干个拓扑三角形结构,使用4交差模型排除不同传感器探测中相关可能性小的三角形;然后定义三角形相似度,对归属于不同探测源的拓扑三角形相似程度进行度量,从而得出目标之间的相关程度,获取航迹关联结果。仿真结果表明,在目标密集编队时,该算法具有有效性。     

反导案例匹配中的距离度量算子

反导作战中运用案例推理的方法重用以往的相似案例可以提高决策效率,在相似案例的匹配中对于数值属性的相似度计算常用到的是基于距离的度量方法,现有的基于距离度量的方法对于较相似案例之间的区分性不高。针对这一问题,提出一种新的距离度量算子,经数学公式推导证明了其合理性,通过与其他度量算子的对比,证明该算子在2个数值相差很小时有着更高的分辨率。用该算子改进欧式距离,在弹道导弹相似识别实验中验证了其有效性。     

基于属性散射中心的SAR图像重构及在目标识别中的应用

提出基于属性散射中心重构的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像目标识别方法.该方法采用邻域匹配算法构建测试图像散射中心集与对应模板散射中心集的对应关系.并分别利用所有的测试散射中心以及匹配的模板散射中心基于属性散射中心模型重构测试图像和模板图像.在此基础上,设计重构图像之间的相似度度量并根据最大相似度的准则判定目标类别.利用MSTAR数据集在多种条件下进行了目标识别实验,验证了所研究方法的有效性.     

带有可信度因子的直觉模糊近似推理方法

针对基于相似度的直觉模糊近似推理问题,提出一种基于加权相似度量的直觉模糊推理方法。首先定义一种新的直觉模糊相似度度量公式,加入权重参数解决各维特征分配不均匀的问题,弥补了现有直觉模糊相似度量的缺陷。然后构建基于直觉模糊产生式规则的直觉模糊近似推理模型,加入可信度因子解决了随机性引起的信息不确定问题,同时给出模型的推理算法和计算步骤。最后通过实例验证了该方法的实用性和有效性,其在意图识别、目标识别等信息融合领域有良好的应用前景。     

基于AHP方法的战场目标三维伪装效果评估

针对战场目标伪装效果评估视角单一、主观性过强等问题,基于层次分析法(AHP)和航迹发现概率对战场目标三维伪装效果进行多视角评估研究。在利用无人机倾斜摄影技术对战场目标进行三维建模的基础上,模拟无人机航线侦察获得多视角侦察影像;综合提取影像中目标与背景的亮度、颜色、纹理等8个评估指标并计算相似度,采用AHP建立单视角特征相似度评估模型;基于航迹的目标发现概率模型,计算多视角目标相似度权重,构建了战场目标伪装效果多视角评估模型。通过案例分析,多视角评估方法能够实现战场目标伪装效果多角度、连续性客观综合评估。     

基于规程匹配的维修作业虚拟确认技术

在建立了维修作业规程信息形式化模型的基础上,利用PAR语言将维修规程进行规范化描述,进而形成作业规程源案例库.采用混合相似度方法对模拟作业内容与源案例库规程进行相似度计算,将计算结果作为维修作业虚拟确认的判断依据,实现了维修作业规程指导虚拟维修仿真的目的.最后,通过实例证明了该方法的适用性和先进性.     

基于运动相似性的监控轨迹聚合分析

对于监控轨迹序列集,提出一种使用运动特征发现其潜在语义内容的方法.在特征统计估计阶段,将轨迹曲线中的拐点特征加入到核密度估计过程中,得到准确平滑的方向多性态分布;使用隐马尔科夫模型估计轨迹子类中存在的串行或并行空间模式.最后以运动特征分布为基础,提出一种基于运动相似性的轨迹层次聚合模型.实验结果表明,该模型可以有效地分...     

基于Vague集相似度的战场电磁环境构设逼真度评估

针对战场电磁环境构设评估的问题,提出了一种新的基于电磁环境逼真度宏观相似元和Vague集相似度的评估方法,该方法把电磁环境构设逼真度评估的问题转化为Vague集相似度度量问题,较好解决了逼真度评估过程中的不确定问题。从电磁复杂度评估指标中提取构设宏观逼真度相似元。根据Vague集理论,建立了相似元与Vague值之间的关系,以及构设电磁环境和想定电磁环境逼真度评估方法,并通过实例计算分析了逼真度评估的过程。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.