全寿命费用管理方法在军队装备经费管理中的应用研究

全寿命费用管理方法是切实控制装备费用增长的有效途径,我军装备经费引入全寿命费用管理是一种必然趋势。文章在分析装备经费实行全寿命费用管理的意义和现状的基础上,认为加强全寿命费用管理,必须提高人们对全寿命费用管理方法的认识,切实落实各级全寿命费用管理决策机构的责任,在满足既定作战性能要求的条件下,发展军事装备应以全寿命费用最小为目标,牢牢抓住降低全寿命费用的关键,提高装备的可靠性,不断加强全寿命费用管理研究,逐步完善全寿命费用管理的理论和方法。     

加速寿命试验研究综述

在国防武器设备和民用工业等领域,高可靠、长寿命产品被大量研发和生产,因而可以提前暴露该类产品薄弱环节的加速寿命试验技术得到了广泛研究和应用。介绍了加速寿命试验技术常用的试验类型和寿命分布,阐述了基于不同寿命分布的加速寿命试验数据统计方法,对新兴的步降应力加速寿命试验技术和加速寿命试验优化设计方法的研究状况进行了总结和分析,对未来加速寿命试验技术在军用后勤装备领域的研究进行了展望。     

滚动轴承加速寿命试验技术研究

为了有效地获取滚动轴承具有可比性的加速寿命试验数据,利用已有加速寿命试验相关标准,结合实际滚动轴承加速寿命试验设计和实施中积累的经验,深入分析滚动轴承加速寿命试验过程中遇到的各种问题,提出一套完整的滚动轴承加速寿命试验方法。该方法对相关标准没有涉及的试验前检查、试验条件一致性分析和试验数据的处理方法进行了补充并对加速寿命试验进行深入分析,形成完整的滚动轴承加速寿命试验解决方案,可以有效地指导滚动轴承加速寿命试验的设计和实施。     

舰船经济寿命分析方法

针对舰船系统经济寿命的确定问题,介绍了舰船经济寿命分析5个阶段和舰船寿命周期费用的组成,给出了确定舰船经济寿命的方法。为装备更新决策提供依据,对武器装备的全寿命管理有一定参考价值。     

自行火炮武器系统的寿命周期费用分析

随着技术的发展,寿命周期的研究正日益受到关注.评述了国内外寿命周期费用方面的研究现状,介绍了火炮寿命周期费用研究方法的内容及用途,探讨了费用估算的一般方法,在火炮寿命周期费用分解原则的基础上给出了火炮寿命周期费用分解结构,讨论了寿命周期费用研究方法急需解决的主要问题.     

军事设施建设项目全寿命风险评估问题浅析

文章明确了军事设施建设项目全寿命风险评估的内涵,划分了军事设施建设项目的全寿命阶段,阐明了军事设施建设项目全寿命风险评估的过程,指出了军事设施建设项目全寿命风险评估的原则。     

舰船管路系统寿命的确定

舰船管路系统寿命是管路工程设计的重要参数,是影响舰船总体寿命及技术、经济竞争能力的关键因素之一,因此舰船管路系统寿命的确定就显得很重要。为此,首先给出管路系统工程寿命的定义,并据此对制约舰船管路系统工程寿命的一些损伤因素及管路腐蚀规律作了论证,然后查阅国标关于管路材料的强度极限、屈服极限的规定,根据许用应力求得管路极限壁厚,最后确定管路寿命与管路年腐蚀率的关系。结合某型舰船管路系统,分别计算各分系统寿命,进而确定整个管路系统的寿命。     

涡轮盘疲劳寿命可靠性设计仿真及优化策略

涡轮盘是航空发动机主要部件之一,一旦发生破坏性故障将导致严重的后果。在充分考虑影响涡轮盘高低周复合疲劳寿命因素不确定性基础上,以MATLAB为平台,设计了涡轮盘高低周复合疲劳寿命可靠性优化设计的联合仿真平台。利用寿命函数和寿命可靠性分析极限状态函数中的共性需求,提出了在优化迭代的过程中自适应构建寿命函数Kriging模型和寿命可靠性极限状态面Kriging模型时共用训练样本点的策略。同时,提出了一种构建寿命函数Kriging模型的学习函数。使用所搭建的疲劳寿命可靠性优化设计平台,完成了某型涡轮盘盘心、榫槽以及涡轮盘系统高低周复合疲劳寿命的可靠性优化设计。结果表明,最优设计方案的局部最大应力显著降低,均值寿命大幅提高,并满足可靠性约束。     

寿命周期费用分析中的数据采集问题探讨

寿命周期费用数据采集是寿命周期费用分析的关键问题之一。简要介绍了寿命周期费用的概念,探讨了寿命周期费用数据采集的目的与要求、费用数据的来源、内容、采集形式,以及对费用数据的处理等与寿命周期费用数据采集有关的问题。目的在于为寿命周期费用的数据采集提供一般性指导方法。     

鱼雷寿命周期费用参数的灰色敏感性分析

鱼雷寿命周期费用受多种因素的影响,各因素对寿命周期费用的作用不同,有的作用大,有的作用小.在对鱼雷寿命周期费用建立模型时,需要分析哪些因素是影响寿命周期费用的主要因素,哪些因素是影响寿命周期费用的次要因素,即对寿命周期费用参数进行敏感性分析.利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度对鱼雷寿命周期费用参数进行敏感性分析,可对这些参数按重要性进行分类, 有利于建立模型时对参量的选择.     

Applications of renewal theory in analysis of the free-replacement warranty

Under a free-replacement warranty of duration W, the customer is provided, for an initial cost of C, as many replacement items as needed to provide service for a period W. Payments of C are not made at fixed intervals of length W, but in random cycles of length Y = W + γ(W), where γ(W) is the (random) remaining life-time of the item in service W time units after the beginning of a cycle. The expected number of payments over the life cycle, L, of the item is given by M_Y(L), the renewal function for the random variable Y. We investigate this renewal function analytically and numerically and compare the latter with known asymptotic results. The distribution of Y, and hence the renewal function, depends on the underlying failure distribution of the items. Several choices for this distribution, including the exponential, uniform, gamma and Weibull, are considered.     

Unnecessary or unsung? The utilisation of airpower in Britain's colonial counterinsurgencies

Making extensive use of primary archival documents, this article seeks to explore whether airpower in three of Britain's most significant post-war colonial counterinsurgency campaigns, Malaya, Kenya and South Arabia, was an unnecessary part of British strategy, offering little useful military force due to the futility and strategic damage rendered by offensive bombardment, or whether airpower was indeed an unsung factor that provided operational flexibility through its effectiveness in a supply context, as well as its intelligence role in providing valuable aerial reconnaissance. In all three case studies the role played by the RAF in medical evacuations, in troop drops, in crop spraying during food-denial initiatives, and in providing ‘Voice Aircraft’ for the propaganda campaign, provide insights into an under-explored component of Britain's politico-military efforts in counterinsurgency in the 1950s and 1960s and suggests that the main strategic value of airpower in counterinsurgency, then and now, lies in its non-kinetic functions.     

连续不间断高层建筑快速逃生装置的设计与应用研究

高层建筑数量增多的同时,其人员安全疏散问题日益凸显,研究高层建筑受困人员火灾情况下的自救逃生和连续疏散非常重要。结合国内外高层建筑逃生装置研究现状和存在的主要问题,研究设计了连续不间断高层建筑快速逃生装置的结构,分析了其结构设计特点,并与传统救援设备进行了性能对比分析。针对国内高层建筑火灾形势,探讨了该装置在高层建筑受困人员快速、多人连续逃生方面的优势和应用前景。     

The objectified female body and the Boko Haram insurgency in northeast Nigeria: Insights from IDP camps in Abuja

ABSTRACT

Scholars have written extensively on the multiple roles and functions of female bodies. Their depictions in areas such as reproduction, sex, oppression and empowerment, peace and protest, weakness and strength, among others, have been examined through the ages. In addition, the objectification of female bodies in terms of rape, mutilation, forced pregnancy, physical assaults and forced labour within the domestic sphere and the society at large have been articulated. One notable gap in the literature in this regard has to do with a focus on the emerging trends in which armed groups are exploitatively engaging female bodies in their activities. This study, therefore, relies on interviews with Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in Durumi and Lugbe camps, Abuja, two officials of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) working with displaced persons in the selected camps, development partners, documents, and published sources to examine the diverse ways in which the Boko Haram group has objectified the female body (as objects of sexual gratification, procreation, propaganda and profile enhancement, care-giving and gatekeeping as well as weapons of suicide bombing) and the socio-cultural factors fuelling their actions toward females in the northeastern part of Nigeria.     

Equality and diversity in the British armed forces: progress,challenges and prospects

The UK's changing political and legal landscape since 2000 reflecting transformations in wider society have elevated equality and diversity (E&D) issues to prominence in the public sector, including in the British armed forces. This research highlights key developments in the British military in relation to E&D, focusing both on areas of progress, and on the challenges still confronting the Forces. The findings reveal that the Forces have made significant strides in advancing E&D through the implementation of a range of policy initiatives but the persistence of discrimination, developments in the wider environment and the dilemmas raised by the strands of age and disability pose challenges. The value of this research is to increase our understanding of diversity management in a public sector institution that has been under-researched and views itself as “different,” and will be of interest to policymakers, E&D practitioners and academics in the field.     

Women police in the Nigerian security sector

This article details the history and philosophy behind major changes in police tradition and organisation in Nigeria in 1955. Women in the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), influenced by their background as enforcers of societal norms, developed a type of social-work-oriented policing. Using primary and secondary sources of historical information, this article discusses the origin of women in the NPF, the specialised role of women in police work, and the changes that have been effected in the roles and functions of women in policing in Nigeria. Situated within the conceptual frameworks of patriarchy and gender, this article argues that gender biases impeded the incorporation of women into the police and, when eventually introduced, gender limitations constrained their roles, operations and activities.     

浅谈汉维语数词用法与文化背景

汉维语数字作为各自语言文字的一部分,其主要功能是计数,表实指,是数概念在语言系统中的反映。但在文学作品和日常生活中,由于汉、维两种语言表达习惯上的差异很大,各有其独特的称数方式,而且使用方法也各不相同,因此给人们的理解和使用带来一定的困难,本文主要从汉、维语数词方面的差别入手,对汉、维语数词进行对比性探讨,并对汉、维语数词的差别做了归纳。     

Putin and Russia in retro and forward: the nuclear dimension

Deterioration in security relations as between NATO and Russia reached boiling point in the aftermath of Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its subsequent destabilization of Eastern Ukraine. As a result, some voices in the West look forward to the departure of Vladimir Putin from power, and others to the possible disintegration of Russia as a unitary state. However, both the departure of Putin and the collapse of Russia have a nuclear dimension. Putin has issued pointed reminders of Russia’s status as a nuclear great power, and Russian military doctrine allows for nuclear first use in the event of a conventional war with extremely high stakes. Beyond Putin, a breakup of Russia would leave political chaos in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and elsewhere, inviting ambiguous command and control over formerly Russian nuclear forces.     

基于效果的网络中心战模型研究

基于效果的网络中心战是利用物理域内分布式传感器网络、指挥控制网络和武器平台网络.通过网络内部以及网络之间信息域中高质量的信息共享,实现军事人员认知域态势感知共享和部队自同步,是信息时代的一种新兴的作战样式,体现了"兵力分散,效果集中"的信息化战争的作战思想.通过分析基于效果的网络中心战,建立了基于效果的网络中心战体系结构模型和未来军事行动中实施该理论的任务进程模型,对我军未来信息化作战条件下联合作战的实施具有一定的指导意义.     

谈《生之水流》的艺术魅力

对长篇小说《生之水流》人物形象塑造的特点、技巧和法则的运用作了分析和研究,论述了其人物形象翅造的各具特色性、形神兼孙性和融入社会性特点;透视了其肖像描写的灵活多样性、语言描写的丰富多彩性、行动描写的富有特征性、心理描写的细致入微性、景物描写的寓情于物性技巧;揭示了其把笔墨、力气放在最能表现人物性格的地方,把人物放到最能表现其性格的环境,多侧面、多角度描写人物性格,从事物的变化中描写人物性格的艺术魅力。