完善国防知识产权法规体系建设是提高国防实力的重要保障

2008年6月,《国家知识产权战略纲要》公布,标志着我国知识产权战略正式启动实施。在建立和完善国家知识产权制度的过程中,国防知识产权是一个不可忽视的重要领域。2009年12月,我国提出《国防知识产权战略实施方案》。加快建立和形成我国的国防知识产权法规体系,是全面落实国防知识产权实施方案,提高军工企业自主创新能力和增强国防科技实力的重要法律保障。     

充分运用知识产权制度推进国防科技自主创新

国防科技工业自主创新的关键是科技创新。推动科技创新,最重要的措施是要有一种好的制度和机制。实践证明,知识产权制度是世界各国普遍采用的促进科技创新与进步的基本法律制度和有效机制,是政府推动技术创新的核心政策手段。改革开放以来,我国已建立了较为完善的知识产权法律法规体系,基本适应我国保护知识产权的需要。知识产权制度已成为国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,在促进经济发展、科技进步和国际经济技术合作方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。大力推进国防科技创新,除了要在观念、思想和举措上有所突破外,最为重要的是,必须充分发挥…     

美国国防知识产权的归属及权益分配

正美国能成为世界军事强国,离不开对国防知识产权的重视及其建立起来的一整套国防知识产权法律制度。其基于利益平衡处理国防知识产权归属及利益分配的做法,对我国应有所裨益。国防知识产权权利归属及权益分配问题是进行国防知识产权制度建设的重要内容,直接关系到能否有效激励创新主体寻求技术突破。当前,世界主要军事强国对国防知识产权都非常重视,经过几十年的探索,逐步建立起一整套国防知识产权法律制度,其中最为完善和典型的是美国。美国能成为世界军事强国,离不开对国防知识产权的重视及其建立起来的一整套国防知识产权法律制度。     

浅论完善我国军事法规体系

完善我国军事法体系是建立社会主义法治国家、建设现代化国防和军队的客观要求。目前,我国军事法规体系建设处于理论研究深入但实践突破有限,体系正在构建但功能发挥有限的状态。完善我国军事法规体系,应当从构建科学规范的体系结构形式、体系内容、法律文件名称等方面入手,并在强化法律保障意识、盘活既有法律资源、重视法律文件的规范化和系统化等方面多着力。     

我国民营企业参与军品科研生产法律制度研究

当前,由于法律体系没有建立、法律规定与国家政策不同步、不同市场主体适用法律规范不一致等原因,我国优势民营企业参与军品科研生产存在制度壁垒。论文对我国优势民营企业进入军品科研生产领域的法律制度进行了分析研究。对比美国和俄罗斯相关领域的立法和制度运行情况,我国应通过确立保护军品市场竞争的法治理念、构建促进军民融合发展法律体系、建立和完善相关配套法律制度,来破解难题。     

努力加强信息国防建设

信息国防是现代国防的基础。要理顺信息国防体制,完善信息国防动员体系,发展信息国防关键技术,健全信息国防法律体系,建立信息国防武装力量。当前尤其要增强全民国防意识,建立和完善国家信息安全保障体系,加强国防信息力量建设。     

推进装备科研知识产权管理工作的思考

在装备科研中开展知识产权管理对提升装备技术自主创新能力,激发装备科研主体创新热情,降低装备科研知识产权法律风险,促进装备科研竞争环境形成具有重要作用。当前,我军装备科研知识产权管理存在着政策法规缺失,工作体系尚未建立,管理内容不明确等问题。深入推进装备科研知识产权管理工作,需要树立装备科研知识产权管理思维,建立装备科研知识产权管理制度,明确装备科研知识产权管理内容,建立装备科研知识产权管理工作体系。     

国防科技成果转民用的知识产权探讨

近年来,我国国防科技成果转民用取得了很大成绩,知识产权保护意识逐渐增强,相关法律制度建设较快发展,推动了国家知识产权战略和国防知识产权战略实施,对促进我国创新驱动发展战略的实施具有重要意义,但也存在一些不容忽视的问题,需要通过制度创新来推动国防科技成果转民用发展。知识产权制度尚需完善1.权利归属和利益分配机制不合理在立法层面,国防知识产权权利     

军队律师若干问题研究

军队律师,是专门为其所在部队、部队官兵及军属提供法律服务,保障依法治军的专业法律工作者,具有军人和律师的双重身份。建立和完善军队律师制度,不仅是完善我国律师制度体系的内在要求,也是依法治军,建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求。     

论国防科技军民融合发展的知识产权保护

我国国防科技知识产权保护是从法律层面对各主体在国防科技领域的发明创造及其应用过程中的利益关系加以确认,是国防科技军民融合运行机制的有机构成。当前,我国国防科技自主知识产权保护存在着供给不足的制度缺陷,必须从基本制度入手,构建国防科技自主知识产权法律保护体系;改变产权单一结构,促进国防科技投资主体多元化;加强国防科技成果转化的法规制度建设。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.