中国抗战与世界反法西斯战争

<正>编者的话:日本发动全面侵华战争后,中国人民举国一致进行抗日战争,开辟了世界上第一个大规模反法西斯战场。至欧洲战事爆发前,中国战场牵制侵华日军百余万人,鼓舞和支援了世界各国人民的反法西斯斗争。本期的三位专家,从不同视角对中国抗战在整个世界反法西斯战争的地位和作用,进行了新颖而深入的阐释,有助于我们进一步认识中国抗战对世界和平与人类发展的伟大历史贡献。     

海湾战争中的电子战运用及其启示

２０世纪９０年代初的海湾战争,是一场大规模、高度现代化的局部战争,也是有史以来电子战装备最集中、手段最完善、斗争最激烈、影响也最深刻的一场战争。海湾战争中以美军为首的多国部队的胜利,主要依靠的是现代高技术的广泛应用,而电子战则是其中一张王牌,是其赢得胜利的电子战、精确制导导弹及Ｃ３Ｉ指挥系统三大法宝中的第一法宝,是决定陆、海、空战的关键因素。深入剖析这场战争中以美军为首的多国部队运用电子战的闪亮之处,对于我军积极做好军事斗争准备,打赢现代条件特别是现代高技术条件下的局部战争,具有十分重要的借鉴和…     

信息战与雷达

从信息战的特点出发 ,着重说明雷达在信息战中的地位和作用。对于 2 1世纪在高技术条件下可能发生的战争的形式和特点 ,人们是很不熟悉的 ,对现代战争的许多情况还无法准确预计。现代战争的主要形式之一是信息战 ,其信息来源的主要提供者是雷达。要求雷达具有完善的功能、高质量、高可靠性。研究和发展雷达新技术、新设备是反抗入侵者的需要 ,是增强国力的有效措施。     

Productive War: A Re-Conceptualisation of War

Conventional wisdom on the phenomenon of war is criticised for providing little relevant guidance to deal with the security challenges of our era. One reason is that this attitude uncritically assumes power as synonymous with force. In response, ‘productive war’ is here proposed as a re-conceptualisation of war based on Michel Foucault's alternative understanding of power. Productive war appreciates the role of violence but subordinates it to non-kinetic dynamics influencing the dimension of meaning in international security. This theoretical perspective provides a conceptual framework to deal with the dynamics of political mobilisation essential to create public support for nation-building abroad and for visions of world order.     

关于信息时代战争与战争指导问题的几点认识

随着科学技术的进步,战争形态发生了重大变化,战争指导的许多方面必然要适应此种变化,以追求战争的胜利,但经受过实践检验的战争指导原则依然没有过时.第一,正确认识信息时代战争的特点及其规律,以增强军事理论创新的针对性;第二,战争形态的划分有多种选择,战争本质不因战争形态的变化而改变,战争永远是政治的继续;第三,经受过实践检验的战争指导原则不因科学技术的进步而过时,在新的历史时期仍有强大的生命力.     

战争工程:信息时代的战争方法学

战争工程是随着信息时代的进步而产生与发展起来的必然产物 ,反过来它将成为促进信息化战争和武器装备发展的新的动力。这种建立在系统理论基础之上 ,利用现代信息技术 ,以综合集成和战争模拟为主要方法和手段的战争工程思想 ,应该成为信息时代的战争方法学。本文给出了战争工程的定义 ,研究了战争工程产生的原因 ,描述了主要的特征和内容 ,并提出了需要注意的几个问题。     

战争的目的与手段

战争的目的与手段(end and means of the war)关于战争的预期结果和实现该预期结果的条件之间相互关系的一对范畴.     

战争中的绝对与相对

战争中的绝对与相对(absolute and relative in war) 关于战争实践与认识过程中的诸要素的条件联系与非条件联系之间相互关系的一对范畴.战争中的绝对是指战争实践与认识过程中诸要素及其相互关系所具有的无条件性、永恒性和无限性的一面,战争中的相对是指战争实践与认识过程中诸要素及其相互关系所具有的有条件性、暂时性和有限性的一面.     

战争中的信息与决策

战争中的信息与决策(information and decision-making in war) 关于战争认识活动的开端与结果之间关系的一对范畴.战争中的信息是关于战争中的敌情、我情、友情及与战争相关的经济、政治、外交、天时、地利等方面的感性材料.战争中的决策是在占有、分析战争信息的基础上,经过判断、推理,对战争目的、手段、方式、对象、方向等做出选择和决定,它通常表现为指挥员的决心、命令和计划等.     

战争中的必然与自由

战争中的必然与自由(necessity and freedom in war) 关于战争客观规律和人们自觉活动之间相互关系的一对哲学范畴.战争中的必然指不依赖于人的意志而存在的客观规律.战争中的自由指在战争必然的基础上人们所进行的自觉活动,即对战争客观规律的正确认识和遵循这些规律创造性地运用于战争实践,从而摆脱战争必然的束缚,取得战争的胜利.     

"冷战"政策与朝鲜战争的爆发

第二次世界大战后,形成了以美国为首的帝国主义阵营和以苏联为首的社会主义阵营.为"遏制共产主义",美国不遗余力地推行"冷战"政策.朝鲜半岛是两大阵营在东方对立的主要阵地,朝鲜战争是两大阵营之间不可避免的大较量,也是"冷战"政策的必然产物.     

Currency Warfare and Just War: The Ethics of Targeting Currencies in War

ABSTRACT

Is Currency Warfare defined as, the use of monetary or military force directed against an enemy’s monetary power as part of a military campaign, a just way to fight a war? This article explores the ethics of waging currency warfare against the Just War Tradition’s principles of jus in bello (just conduct in war) and its criteria of discrimination and proportionality. The central argument is that currency warfare is inherently indiscriminate but may be proportionate when policy makers consider the nature of the threat confronted and the targeted currency's level of internationalization, that is, to what degree it is used in foreign transactions or used as a foreign currency reserve. I evaluate this argument against historical cases during the Second World War (1939–1945), the Gulf War (1990–1991), subsequent operations against Saddam Hussein in the early 1990s, and the ongoing campaign against ISIS.     

Was World War Two a Completely Just War?

ABSTRACT

According to Brian Orend’s binary political model, minimally just states possess a robust set of moral rights, while other states essentially exist in a moral vacuum in which they possess no moral rights. I argue that a more plausible comparative model would allow for a state to acquire (or lose) discrete moral rights as it improves (or damages) its moral record. This would generate a more accurate portrayal of both domestic policy within states and military conflict between states; including, in particular, the role of the Allied forces during World War Two.     

论《孙子兵法》战争资源利用思想

战争资源是用于达成战争目的的一切物质、精神要素的统称,《孙子兵法》中包含着有效利用战争资源的光辉思想。《孙子兵法》具体地指出了要认识“地”、“天”、“将”、“军”、“主”这几类战争资源,要科学配置战争资源并关注战争资源的效益产出。     

War,vagueness and hybrid war

It has frequently been observed in the literature on hybrid wars that there is a grey zone between peace and war, and that hybrid wars are conflicts which are not clear cases of war. In this paper, I attempt to illuminate this grey zone and the concept and nature of war from the philosophical discussions of vagueness and institutional facts. Vague terms are characterized by the fact that there is no non-arbitrary boundary between entities which lie in their extension, and entities which do not lie in their extension. I apply a theory of vagueness to notions such as “war” and “peace” and go on to suggest that the exact boundary for what counts as a war or not is arbitrary. However, the context in which the conflict occurs determines a range of possible locations for this boundary. The most important contextual parameter is in this respect how the parties to the conflict themselves conceptualize the conflict. I suggest that this can in various ways help us understand grey-zone conflicts.     

视景仿真技术与战争实验室

视景仿真技术是新一代仿真技术。介绍了其系统构成及在军事领域的应用,并给出了一个应用实例--战争实验室。     

Escalation and the War on Terror

Abstract

This article makes a case for treating escalation in irregular warfare as different in kind from the regular variant that was originally theorized during the Cold War. The regular variant emphasizes the role of clearly defined and commonly recognized ‘thresholds’ as a means of organizing cooperation within conflict. In contrast, the irregular variant can reward efforts by weaker terroristic actors to erode the moral significance of the combatant/non-combatant threshold, just as it can reward efforts by their stronger adversaries to bolster it.     

中国国民党与抗日战争

多年来,对抗日战争中的国民党的评价并不一致。特别是近年来,分歧似乎愈演愈烈。如何看待国民党在抗战中的地位与作用,如何认识抗战对国民党的影响,如何从国民党开辟敌后战场的努力与效果来反观国民党的本质?70年后,集中探讨这些问题,无疑会加深我们对这段历史的理解。     

War and peace in contemporary India

ABSTRACT

This Special Issue looks at the importance of institutions and the role played by international actors in crucial episodes of India’s strategic history. The contributions trace India’s tryst with war and peace from immediately before the foundation of the contemporary Indian state to the last military conflict between India and Pakistan in 1999. The focus of the articles is as much on India as it is on Pakistan and China, its opponents in war. The articles offer a fresh take on the creation of India as a regional military power, and her approach to War and Peace in the post-independence period.     

Nuclear Weapons and the Vietnam War

This article analyzes why US leaders did not use nuclear weapons during the Vietnam War. To date, there has been no systematic study of US decision-making on nuclear weapons during this war. This article offers an initial analysis, focusing on the Johnson and Nixon administrations. Although US leaders did not come close to using nuclear weapons in the conflict, nuclear options received more attention than has previously been appreciated. Johnson's advisers raised the issue of nuclear weapons and threats on several occasions, and Henry Kissinger, Nixon's national security adviser, looked into nuclear options to bring the war to an end. Ultimately, however, both administrations privately rejected such options. The conventional explanation for the non-use of nuclear weapons during the Cold War – deterrence – is insufficient to explain the Vietnam case. This article analyzes the role of military, political and normative considerations in restraining US use of nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War. It argues that while military and political considerations, including escalation concerns, are part of the explanation, a taboo against the use of nuclear weapons played a critical role.