面向作战任务的作战系统冲突检测与消解研究

以作战任务为中心,动态集成作战系统是当前军事领域研究的新课题,从多个作战任务的时间冲突和作战系统状态能力有限性出发,研究作战系统在执行作战任务过程中存在冲突的问题,给出冲突规则的形式化描述,提出了冲突检测与消解的算法,最后通过实例对算法进行了验证。     

兵力编成结构裁剪中指挥关系优化研究

由于决策个体控制战场作战平台资源实体,通过平台资源实体执行作战任务,作战平台资源实体在任务上的聚集导致决策个体间需要复杂的交互协作与交流,兵力编成需要为任务的执行创造良好的交互结构。基于任务执行的兵力编成包括两方面的内容:一是指控决策结点间的协作关系;二是指控决策结点间的指挥关系。本文基于决策个体在任务上的协作关系设计兵力编成的指挥关系,以最小化编成中总的协作工作负载为目标,并描述了编成指挥决策关系的生成过程,对生成过程的求解采用了优化协作树算法。     

考虑资源约束的复杂维修任务时间预计模型

在分析装备维修过程时间影响因素的基础上,研究了维修过程时间模型的建模要素关系。采用Petri网技术建立了反映子任务基本关系、资源约束和调度策略的典型维修过程模型,并对典型子任务执行过程进行了细化建模,研究了模型冲突和资源调度策略。针对典型实例进行了维修时间预计和资源利用率分析。     

多作战任务时间协同规划方法

通过分析多作战任务的特点,考虑到多任务之间的时间协同关系,提出一种作战任务的时间规划方法。采用时间网络图描述作战行动,分析作战计划的时间分配合理性,设计一种基于关键任务的时间冲突消解方法对作战任务的时间冲突进行消解。最后,以抢滩登陆作战的作战背影,合理规划了兵力运送和火力压制的作战任务。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效辅助指挥员快速进行作战任务时间规划,帮助指挥员实时调整作战计划,对作战指挥具有重要的指导价值。     

兵棋系统联合火力打击计划冲突校验算法

在联合火力打击战役中,计划上的潜在缺陷容易造成己方部队的行动冲突甚至误伤,利用兵棋系统中的联合作战计划子系统提供的冲突校验功能,对将要执行的联合火力打击计划中可能存在的缺陷进行校验,可以有效避免冲突的发生。首先对联合作战计划子系统中所有火力打击计划进行数据预处理,采用聚类分析的方法得到火力打击覆盖区,其次计算时间最短条件下己方机动部队的最优路径,最后对火力覆盖区与路径的冲突进行校验,得到冲突地点和冲突时间。在多次兵棋推演中,联合作战计划子系统采用此方法对联合火力打击计划进行冲突校验,实验结果验证了该校验算法的可行性。     

资源不确定军事任务计划预测调度模型与算法

针对军事任务计划执行环境中普遍存在的资源不确定性,提出了基于资源缓冲区的军事任务计划预测调度算法。算法首先基于平台有效资源功能向量进行任务—平台分配,分配过程中通过调节平台有效资源功能向量,获得不同的平台资源缓冲区分配方案;然后基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法框架对军事任务计划进行多目标求解,进而获得问题的Pareto最优解集。文章通过仿真算例对算法的可行性和有效性进行验证,实验结果表明,该算法能够有效求解资源不确定军事任务计划问题。     

基于作战逻辑的任务合成技术应用

基于作战逻辑的任务合成技术能够在不同态势情况下以最短时间生成最优的任务定势计划。飞行员根据作战飞机任务系统提供的计划进行决策,任务系统依据决策信息自动管理相应的传感器运行,从而实现基于作战逻辑的任务执行机制。通过建立任务合成仿真验证环境,实现了作战场景想定和任务合成组织运行过程的开发和验证,为基于作战逻辑的任务合成技术型号应用提供了基础和参考。     

一种基于周期分区的时间调度算法

针对多功能相控阵雷达任务实时调度问题,提出了一种基于采样周期分区的时间资源调度算法(记为PD)。该算法以各类任务采样周期的最大公约数为分区标准,将各采样周期均分为多个等长区间,再将各类任务平均分配到不同分区中调度执行,可解决调度过程中任务因采样周期不同产生冲突的难题。仿真结果表明,该算法可提高系统任务调度能力,可广泛应用于相控阵雷达任务调度及其他实时任务调度系统。     

STCN的对岸打击时间协同冲突消解研究

为验证航空兵对岸打击中时间协同计划的可行性以及快速地调整时间协同计划,建立了任务间的简单时间约束网络(STCN),并转化成权值矩阵的形式.根据权值矩阵特点,提出了一种检测STCN一致性的权值矩阵法,大大降低了算法复杂度.为加快时间协同计划的调整速度,基于检测结果,提出了一种代价最小的冲突消解方法,避免了消解过程中的重复检测问题,提高了效率,使计划调整更加快捷高效.     

基于改进二进制蝙蝠算法的装备资源保障规划

针对联合作战环境下的装备资源精确保障协同规划问题,考虑以所有保障任务完成时间最短为目标,以保障任务的执行时序和资源需求、保障编组占用冲突,以及资源平台能力更新机制等复杂条件为约束,构建数学模型,提出了基于动态列表调度(Dynamic List Scheduling,DLS)和自适应进化变异二进制蝙蝠算法(Adaptive Mutation Binary Bat Algorithm,AMBBA)的混合装备资源协同保障规划方法.通过动态列表调度选择当前执行保障的任务,在二进制蝙蝠算法寻优中引入自适应学习因子以平衡全局搜索和局部搜索能力,通过在当前可用资源集中搜索最优解为选定任务分配资源,以复杂地域联合作战为例仿真并验证规划效果,结果显示,所提方法可对大规模装备资源协同分配保障问题进行精确高效求解.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.