轮腿式无人战车越障性能分析

针对非结构化复杂路面环境下无人战车在执行军事运输、抢险救灾等任务时通过性不足的问题,提出了一种轮腿式全液压驱动的8轮无人战车,该战车通过摆臂的协同控制调整其运行姿态,可适应不同的复杂地形。越障性能是衡量无人战车通过性的关键要素,建立无人战车的越障动力学模型和姿态规划模型,通过求取轮腿式无人战车不同越障高度与摆臂摆角的关系式,得到无人战车典型垂直墙障碍的越障性能。在理论分析的基础上,利用QT、Simulink、ADAMS建立综合仿真平台,进行了仿真验证。研究表明：轮腿式全液压驱动的8轮无人战车可完成高度为轮胎直径1.176倍的垂直墙越障,具有良好的地形适应能力,为8轮无人战车的实验测试提供了理论参考。     

独立转向与驱动无人装甲车操稳性分析

为了提高军用车辆在恶劣环境中行驶的操纵稳定性,自行设计了一款线控独立转向与驱动无人装甲车辆。基于多体系统动力学理论,在ADAMS/Car中建立线控独立转向与驱动无人装甲车辆悬架、轮胎、转向等子系统模型,并由相应的通讯器建立整装虚拟样机。以建立的虚拟样机模型和试制样车为研究对象,参照国家相关标准完成6项操纵稳定性仿真试验和实车试验,根据实车试验数据验证了仿真结果的正确性。通过分析线性二自由度理论模型推出瞬态响应影响因素并进行转向盘角阶跃输入试验对其定量分析。最后,通过优化后建立的新模型对整车操纵稳定性能进行重新评价。结果表明:优化后在一定程度上改进了车辆的瞬态响应特性,其操纵稳定性能得到相应的提升。     

铰接车铰接点位置分析与计算

介绍了某8×8铰接车的动力传动方案,进行了原地转向阻力矩的理论分析。利用多体动力学仿真软件RecurDyn建立了铰接车仿真模型,测得了整车转向阻力矩曲线。通过改变前后车架铰接点的位置及F、G(B、C)轮的轴距,对测量结果进行了拟合和比较,结果表明:整车转向的最理想铰接点位置为s2点,在s2点处转向阻力矩最小。研究结果为下一步转向油缸的选型及总车设计奠定了基础。     

欠驱动无人艇路径跟踪控制算法

针对欠驱动无人艇水平面内的路径跟踪问题,首先建立了无人艇的运动学和动力学模型;然后,基于视线导引策略和输出反馈控制思想设计了路径跟踪控制算法;最后,通过对无人艇位置误差镇定、航向角和纵向速度的跟踪控制,实现了三自由度欠驱动无人艇直线和曲线路径跟踪。理论分析和仿真实验证明:所提出的路径跟踪控制算法具有较小的稳态误差和良好的动态性能。     

多轮驱动履带车辆功率匹配计算与仿真分析

传统电传动设计方案下同时满足车辆大扭矩和宽调速范围的电机体积、重量大,难以集成在车辆有限空间内,针对这一难题,提出了一种新型多轮驱动电传动车辆设计方案。结合该方案,以原车性能指标为依据,进行了电机驱动系统的性能匹配计算,建立了基于Matlab/Simulink的驱动电机模块和基于RecurDyn/Track-HM车辆动力学仿真模块,并利用接口技术构建了机电一体联合仿真模型,而后通过车辆动力性能的仿真,对设计方案及功率匹配结果进行验证。仿真结果表明,匹配算法正确,所选参数合理,设计方案基本可行,为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

移动地面武器装备的动力匹配建模与仿真

介绍某移动地面武器装备的动力系统组成,对其主驱动电机、传动系和蓄电池等参数进行了合理建模与匹配计算,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行了装备的整体动力性能仿真,得到了较为满意的结果,可为同类小型无人平台的动力参数匹配提供一定理论借鉴。     

无人机-无人车空地无人集群系统多任务协同控制

针对无人机-无人车空地无人集群系统多任务控制问题,开展了一种多任务协同控制的自适应鲁棒控制方法研究。首先,根据多任务控制问题的不同情况,确定系统的动力学模型及控制目标。其次,通过伺服约束的形式描述了被控系统需要遵循的约束,将多项控制任务所建立的约束进行整合,并建立约束跟随误差χ。随后提出了一种自适应鲁棒控制方法,并设计自适应律抑制系统中存在的不确定性,保证系统在复杂不确定性干扰下,仍具有较好的控制精度和系统稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法相比于LQR控制能够在较大不确定性影响下完成无人机-无人车空地无人集群系统控制中的多任务协同控制,不仅使相关各类误差在5 s内快速收敛至0,还能够使系统具有良好的控制性能。     

基于模糊控制的6×6滑动转向无人地面车辆轨迹跟踪控制算法

针对滑动转向无人地面车辆的轨迹跟踪控制问题,考虑其横向运动不可控的特点,采用解耦设计方法,对车辆沿x轴的纵向运动和绕z轴的旋转运动分别进行控制,根据模糊控制理论,设计了包括车辆纵向速度模糊控制器和偏航角速度模糊控制器在内的轨迹跟踪控制器.为确保运动平稳,防止车轮打滑,引入了受限控制策略,对纵向速度和偏航角速度进行PD闭环控制,保证车辆运动所需的总的纵向驱动力和偏航扭矩,并采用平均分配的方法将纵向驱动力和偏航扭矩分配为6个车轮驱动扭矩命令值.通过RecurDyn软件建立了车辆虚拟样机动力学模型,并采用联合仿真的方法对所提算法进行了仿真,结果表明该算法是有效的.     

4×4轮式两栖车可升降独立悬架方案的仿真研究

对4×4轮式两栖车的可升降独立悬架进行了方案选择与具体设计;前悬架采用双横臂式扭杆弹簧带摩擦减振器的可提升悬架,后悬架采用肘内传动式单纵臂导向机构的可提升悬架;并在此基础上用ADAMS软件建立了整车三维实体参数化模型,在该模型下对选择的方案进行了动态仿真研究.最终确定出该悬架方案形式是一种可行方案.在方案验证时,采用了虚拟样机设计技术和动态仿真研究手段,利用轮式整车模型,在ADAMS/View环境下,以操纵稳定性分析为重点,进行了车轮提升、通过性、稳态转向特性、瞬态横摆响应以及回正能力等的仿真分析.     

基于动力学仿真的6×6轮式越野车辆总体性能评价

为分析和评价某型6×6轮式越野车辆的总体设计性能,建立了整车多刚体动力学模型、刚柔耦合动力学模型以及悬架系统台架试验模型,计算了整车固有特性,依次进行了悬架系统运动学、行驶动力学、操纵稳定性分析。在计算车体和悬架摆臂结构模态的基础上,考核了典型行驶工况下车体和悬架部件结构的动态强度,依据国家相关标准,利用仿真结果对6×6整车设计进行了系统的评价,指出了该越野车总体设计性能的不足,为其进一步改进和优化设计提供了参考依据。研究方法对其他轮式越野车辆系统的设计和评价具有一定的参考价值。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.