炸药爆炸过程中电磁辐射数值模拟研究

为了给出炸药爆炸过程中产生电磁辐射的理论分析方法和特性,针对炸药爆炸过程中产生的电磁辐射进行数值模拟研究.采用热平衡电离模型描述爆炸过程中的电离气体,结合爆炸问题的数值模拟方法,得到爆炸场中的电导率分布,进而得到磁扩散率.基于非理想磁流体动力学方程组,计算在特定磁扩散率下的导电气体运动引起的电磁辐射,实现对炸药爆炸产生...     

弹丸爆炸仿真与破片质量统计软件开发

针对利用试验研究弹丸爆炸过程难度大的问题,采用ANSYS／LS-DYNA有限元软件对弹丸爆炸过程进行了仿真,设计开发了破片质量分布统计软件,再现了弹丸爆炸的宏观过程,并且得到了破片质量分布的定量结果．     

油料洞库支坑道对爆炸传播影响的数值模拟研究

油料洞库是典型的狭长受限空间,湍流强度是这种复杂受限空间中爆炸燃烧波发展的主要影响因素之一,爆炸波在主坑道的传播过程中,经分支坑道扰动后会发生跃升。针对这种复杂的跃变过程建立了基于多控机理的油气爆炸燃烧模型,对该过程中涉及的湍流强度经旁接分支通道扰动后的变化以及爆炸压力波的发展进行了数值模拟研究,并将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比和综合理论分析。得到了一些与洞库安全相关的重要结论,对洞库受限空间爆炸发展的进一步研究以及爆炸灾害的防治具有重要的参考价值。     

液体推进剂爆炸冲击波数值计算及实验误差分析

液体推进剂爆炸危害后果的精确计算需要对爆炸当量进行精确估算,实验测量存在高成本、高风险的缺点,而数值计算成本低、时间快、可重复性强,因而成为爆炸冲击波危害性研究的一种重要手段。基于爆炸相似律,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件对开放空间N_2O_4/UDMH爆炸模型进行了数值计算,研究了液体推进剂爆炸冲击波在无限空气域的传播规律。通过仿真值和实验值的对比分析,将引起实验误差的主要原因总结为测量点布置高度、测量装置加固情况和推进剂混合不均匀,并给出了相应的建议。     

工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法应用探讨

运用工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法对发生在韩国的一起液化石油气充装站火灾爆炸事故进行了量化分析.结果表明在沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生前的21 min时间内约有6.0t的丁烷泄漏并参与到池火燃烧中;丁烷槽车胶管与丁烷地下储罐管线之间的不良连接是导致丁烷泄漏的原因,其有效泄漏直径为27 mm;参与火球燃烧的丁烷为3.7t,约占沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生时槽车内剩余丁烷的62％;参与火球燃烧的丙烷为8.0t,约占丙烷槽车全部装载量的53％.     

基于超压和冲量的爆炸冲击波杀伤概率计算模型

基于人员爆炸伤的特点,针对爆炸过程中超压、冲量的变化对人员造成的损伤,建立了用于评估人员在爆炸威力场中伤亡概率的计算模型。结合爆炸伤特点,对人员损伤情况进行分类,分析冲击波杀伤和爆炸导致的人员抛投伤。根据爆炸物相关参数,计算TNT当量以及爆炸威力场中的超压和冲量变化,采用PROBIT方法对人员伤亡概率进行评估。在此基础上,首先,分析了江苏响水天嘉宜化工有限公司“3·21”特别重大爆炸事故。结果表明,在此次爆炸事故中,由该模型计算得到的安全距离与实际情况相符。然后,对某型弹药的战场冲击波杀伤概率进行了评估,并对四种伤情特点进行了分析。该模型可用于快速计算爆炸时超压和冲量变化导致人员伤亡的概率,对于评估爆炸安全事故中的人员伤亡情况以及战场中的爆炸致伤情况有一定参考意义。     

液体推进剂爆炸火球热传递参数的试验测量技术

介绍了液体推进剂爆炸火球的内部温度,辐射温升和辐射热流密度的试验测量方法,试验测量的计算机数据采集系统,并给出了５０ｋｇ,１００ｋｇ,３００ｋｇ液体推进剂（Ｎ２Ｏ４／ＵＤＭＨ）爆炸火球的热传递参数的部分测量结果。     

液化石油气储罐区火灾危险性评价

对液化石油气罐区的危险性进行了分析,分别对蒸气云爆炸和沸腾液体扩展蒸气云爆炸类型进行了定量评价。并以某罐区为例,对其危险性进行了定量评价,并对结果进行了分析,确定了其火灾、爆炸事故的严重度、伤害范围等。实例验证了该评价方法的简单实用性,对罐区制定相应的预防措施具有参考价值。     

爆炸冲击波对装甲车辆的毁伤效能

针对弹药爆炸对装甲车辆毁伤这一复杂问题进行了合理的简化,研究冲击波对靶板的作用过程。利用AUTODYN软件对爆炸冲击波对靶板的作用过程进行了数值模拟,分析了靶板前后空气压力的变化情况,得到爆炸冲击波作用下靶板中心的挠度值,并与理论计算结果相对比,二者具有良好的一致性,为下一步冲击波的毁伤效能研究提供参考。     

狭长受限空间油气爆炸关键现象研究

以汽油油气混合物为研究对象,在狭长密闭管道中进行了油气爆炸实验,通过压阻式传感器测试爆炸过程中的压强信号,得到狭长受限空间中油气爆炸的基本参数。通过对实验结果的对比分析,发现狭长受限空间内的油气爆炸可以分为4个阶段：平滑加速阶段、湍流发展阶段、振荡激化阶段和余波阶段;一定强度的湍流流场可抑制链化学反应速度和火焰传播速度;振荡激化阶段发生在管道末端。为狭长密闭空间内油气爆炸的预防和抑爆技术研究提供了参考。     

Experimental study on explosion dispersion process of a multi-layer composite charge under different initiation modes

The influence of initiation modes on the explosive dispersion process of the multi-layer composite charge (MCC) was studied. Overpressure sensors and high-speed photography system were used to investigate the energy release process of an MCC with a specific structure. The shock wave pressure and explosive dispersion characteristics of the MCC under different initiation modes were compared. The forming and expanding process of the shock wave of the composite charge under different initiation modes was determined. The separation position of the shock wave and fireball interface was determined. The calculation formulas of the shock radius and overpressure of the composite charge are presented. The radius of the shock wave of the composite charge was significantly affected by the initiation mode. Moreover, the development process of the composite explosive fireball under different initiation modes was analyzed, the variation rules of the composite charge dispersion radius and fireball dispersion velocity with time were obtained under the different initiation modes, the explosion energy release rate of composite charge under simultaneous initiation modes was the highest, and the peak overpressure under the simultaneous initiation mode was 1.61 times that of central single-point initiation.     

Natural convection effects on TNT solidification inside a shaped charge mold

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warheads and ammunitions are frequently produced by explosive casting inside an axis-symmetric mold with an inverted conical geometry in the basis. In order to prevent manufacturing defects, the solidification process must be controlled. In this study, a dimensionless solidification model has been proposed to investigate the heat transfer considering the natural convection inside the liquid explosive and the numerical simulations were performed by using COMSOL Multiphysics and Modeling Software, employing trinitrotoluene (TNT) thermophysical properties. The effect of three different boundary conditions on the top of the mold have been evaluated: convection, adiabatic and isothermal. It has been observed that solidification process was faster for convection case and slower for isothermal case, while an intermediary total solidification time value was found for adiabatic case. Moreover, liquid explosive was completely surrounded by solid explosive during the solidification process for convection case and also for adiabatic case through the end of the process. Otherwise, it was not observed for isothermal case. The natural convection effects promoted a vortex inside the liquid explosive, accelerating the heat transfer process. It has been concluded that isothermal mold top boundary condition should be preferred to prevent manufacturing defects, avoiding high thermal stress.     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

同轴环缝气流作用下锥形液膜线性稳定性分析

为了分析气液同轴离心式喷嘴的雾化机理,对同轴气体作用下的锥形液膜进行时间稳定性分析,推导同轴气体作用下锥形液膜的色散方程,建立离心式喷嘴出口参数预测模型,用于数值求解色散方程。结果表明：喷嘴出口液膜厚度随着喷注压降的增加而减小,喷雾锥角、液膜速度和轴向速度随着喷注压降的增加而增大。同轴气体作用下液膜由正弦模式的表面波主导,因为正弦模式的表面波增长率远大于曲张模式的表面波增长率。当环缝气体喷注速度较小时,增加气体速度会减小气液相对速度,从而减弱气液相互作用,使得液膜主导表面波增长率和频率减小、破碎时间和破碎长度增加。而当环缝气体速度超过一个临界值后,随着气体速度的增大,液膜主导表面波增长率和频率迅速增大,破碎时间和破碎长度迅速减小。     

Effects of nano-sized aluminum on detonation characteristics and metal acceleration for RDX-based aluminized explosive

Nano-sized aluminum(Nano-Al)powders hold promise in enhancing the total energy of explosives and the metal acceleration ability at the same time.However,the near-detonation zone effects of reaction between Nano-Al with detonation products remain unclear.In this study,the overall reaction process of 170 nm Al with RDX explosive and its effect on detonation characteristics,detonation reaction zone,and the metal acceleration ability were comprehensively investigated through a variety of experiments such as the detonation velocity test,detonation pressure test,explosive/window interface velocity test and confined plate push test using high-resolution laser interferometry.Lithium fluoride(LiF),which has an inert behavior during the explosion,was used as a control to compare the contribution of the reaction of aluminum.A thermochemical approach that took into account the reactivity of aluminum and ensuing detonation products was adopted to calculate the additional energy release by afterburn.Combining the numerical simulations based on the calculated afterburn energy and experimental results,the param-eters in the detonation equation of state describing the Nano-Al reaction characteristics were calibrated.This study found that when the 170 nm Al content is from 0％to 15％,every 5％increase of aluminum resulted in about a 1.3％decrease in detonation velocity.Manganin pressure gauge measurement showed no significant enhancement in detonation pressure.The detonation reaction time and reaction zone length of RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 64 ns and 0.47 mm,which is respectively 14％and 8％higher than that of RDX/wax/95/5 explosive(57 ns and 0.39 mm).Explosive/window interface velocity curves show that 170 nm Al mainly reacted with the RDX detonation products after the detonation front.For the recording time of about 10 μs throughout the plate push test duration,the maximum plate velocity and plate acceleration time accelerated by RDX/Al/wax/80/15/5 explosive is 12％and 2.9 μs higher than that of RDX/LiF/wax/80/15/5,respectively,indicating that the aluminum reaction energy significantly increased the metal acceleration time and ability of the explosive.Numerical simulations with JWLM explosive equation of state show that when the detonation products expanded to 2 times the initial volume,over 80％of the aluminum had reacted,implying very high reactivity.These results are significant in attaining a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism of Nano-Al in the development of aluminized explosives.     

炸药热安定性的快速评定方法

本文分析了量气法和热分析法评定炸药热安定性的问题,提出把由一条DSC曲线测得的热分解动力学参数引入热平衡方程,以数值模拟方法计算出炸药在一定环境温度下的热爆炸延滞期,并据此判别炸药热安定性的观点和方法。经实验验证,该方法快速、准确。     

Effect of metal powders on explosion of fuel-air explosives with delayed secondary igniters

In order to improve the energy level of fuel air explosive(FAE) with delayed secondary igniters, high energetic metal powders were added to liquid fuels mainly composed of ether and isopropyl nitrate. Metal powders' explosive properties and reaction mechanisms in FAE were studied by high-speed video, pressure test system, and infrared thermal imager. The results show that compared with pure liquid fuels, the shock wave overpressure, maximum surface fireball temperature and high temperature duration of the mixture were significantly increased after adding high energetic metal powder. The overpressure values of the liquid-solid mixture at all measuring points were higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. And the maximum temperature of the fireball was up to 1700 ℃, which was higher than that of the pure liquid fuels. After replacing 30％of aluminum powder with boron or magnesium hydride, the shock wave pressure of the mixture was further increased. The high heat of combustion of boron and the hydrogen released by magnesium hydride could effectively increase the blast effect of the mixture. The improvement of the explosion performance of boron was better than magnesium hydride. It shows that adding high energetic metal powder to liquid fuels can effectively improve the explosion performance of FAE.     

Influence of a liquid-filled compartment structure on the incoming shaped charge jet stability

Liquid-filled compartment structure consists of a bulk steel plate with matrix blind holes which are filled with liquid and a steel front plate to seal up the liquid with rings and bolts.The liquid-filled compart-ment structure can resist the shaped charge warhead effectively.This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations of the penetration ability of the residual shaped charge jet emerging from the liquid-filled compartment structure after the penetration process at different impact angles.On the basis of shock wave propagation theory,the influence of the liquid-filled compartment structure on jet sta-bility is analysed.The interferences of the liquid backflow caused by a reflected shock wave and a back plate on jet stability under different impact angles are also examined.In addition,the range of the disturbed velocity segments of the jet at different impact angles and the penetration ability of the re-sidual jet are obtained.A theoretical model is validated against the experimental penetration depths.     

超声导波在管道中传播的可视化模拟研究

利用有限元方法建立管道导波3-D模型,通过在管道中激励纵向超声波,模拟导波在管道中的传播形态。根据回波信号的传播时间计算了纵波传播速度,与频散曲线得到的纵波速度符合较好。从观测点取得的波信号能够反映超声波在管道中传播时存在的反射和衰减现象,动画结果能够形象直观地反映导波在管道中传播的情形,实现了导波传播的可视化模拟。该研究有利于更好地解释导波在管道无损检测中出现的频散特征。     

新型导爆索式爆炸零门设计及试验

为了增强爆炸零门在应用中的稳定性,降低对沟槽装药装填工艺的要求,以间隙零门为研究对象,提出了以导爆索代替部分沟槽装药结构的方法。对具有不同尺寸参数的导爆索、沟槽装药以及零门间隙进行组合试验,以期通过试验得到装填工艺简单且控制通道对信号通道作用稳定的装填物质组合。研究结果表明,通过对由导爆索构成的爆炸零门进行合理的参数配置,能够实现在提升零门装置稳定性的同时又保证其可靠性。