公共场所人员消防安全疏散模拟系统设计

公共场所的人员消防安全疏散问题是确保火灾下人员生命安全的关键.为模拟公共场所人员的消防安全疏散行为,提出了一种基于元胞自动机的火灾情况下人员疏散模型.在详细的系统需求分析、概要设计和详细设计基础上,开发了公共场所人员消防安全疏散模拟系统,并进行了系统测试和火灾情况下人员疏散过程模拟.该系统实现了生成公共场所火灾场景、计算并模拟人员疏散行为、管理消防安全疏散规范及算法等功能,系统运行稳定,对人员疏散的模拟过程与实际相符,具有操作简单、模拟直观、数据可靠、扩张性强等特点,能够为研究火灾环境下公共场所人员安全疏散问题提供平台.     

高层建筑消防安全疏散设计

频繁发生的高层建筑火灾不仅造成了大量的财产损失和人员伤亡,而且还造成了不良的社会影响。在分析高层建筑火灾特性的基础上,结合人员在火灾情况下的避难行为和影响安全疏散的因素,分析了高层建筑安全疏散的目标及方法、时间和对策,为高层建筑消防安全疏散设计提供参考。     

大型仓储式超市消防安全疏散设计

从大型仓储式超市火灾特点入手,阐述了影响其消防安全疏散的因素,有针对性地对其疏散人数、疏散距离、疏散时间、安全出口以及疏散管理等五个方面进行了分析,旨在探讨大型仓储式超市消防安全疏散设计的合理方式。     

超大体量高层医院消防安全疏散设计

高层医院的建筑消防设计攸关医院特殊人群的安全问题,在进行该类建筑消防安全疏散设计时应着重进行考虑。但是由于医院设计需首先满足医疗工艺的要求,因此,在疏散设计时往往会与有关规范产生矛盾。通过对某国际医院建筑消防设计案例的分析,主要从疏散楼梯间设计、特殊人群疏散设计两方面提出了超大体量高层建筑消防安全疏散设计的建议。     

地下建筑消防安全问题及对策研究

针对地下建筑与普通建筑发生火灾时人员疏散、排烟和灭火救援工作的差异,深入分析了地下建筑火灾自身的特点,从消防安全疏散、防火设计和防烟设计等方面提出了消防安全要求及对策。     

洁净手术室的消防安全疏散设计

结合结构及功能特点分析了洁净手术室的火灾危险性,从消防安全疏散总体要求、不同通道形式疏散设计以及疏散门设计几个方面探讨了洁净手术室的消防安全疏散设计,为其消防安全设计提供参考。     

大型商业综合体内影院消防设计探讨

重点介绍了某大型商业综合体内影院的消防设计方案,并进行烟气流动和人员疏散的数值模拟分析,得出该影院消防设计是安全可行的.为确保此类影院的消防安全,建议其疏散楼梯设计不受商场营业与否的影响,且应定期维护保养消防系统.     

大型商业性建筑安全疏散策略研究

近年来,大型商业性建筑火灾事故时有发生,造成了重大损失,火灾发生时如何提高人员的疏散效率是降低伤亡率的要素.通过对大型商业性建筑火灾危险性和疏散中存在的问题进行分析,结合实际从设置消防救援窗,严格划分防火分区,合理设置疏散楼梯和安全出口,制定安全疏散预案,加强消防安全培训,充分利用声光报警等方面论述了优化大型商业性建筑人员疏散效率的策略.     

某体育场消防设计安全性模拟研究

针对体育场存在防火分区面积大、地下车道排烟量大的问题进行性能化防火设计。设计两个火灾场景,从保证人员安全疏散、控制火灾规模和防止火灾大面积蔓延等方面进行分析。提出了可靠的消防设计,达到满足消防安全要求的目的。     

人员疏散预动作时间的随机性研究

人员疏散中预动作时间会在很大程度上影响到人员能否成功安全疏散,鉴于火情发展和人员心理、生理、消防安全意识等问题,预动作时间往往存在着较大的随机性。采用核密度估计的方法,以实际火灾案例中人群疏散预动作时间为样本进行分析,用统计学规律表征预动作时间的随机性。研究表明:人员疏散预动作时间满足一定的概率分布规律。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.