空间基地的激光武器可望用于反导

华盛顿讯——根据参议员马尔科姆·沃罗普（怀俄明州,共和党人）说,最近的实验表明,处于飞行中的洲际弹道导弹助推器,遭遇激光辐射时,是比原先所预想的要更容易被摧毁,那么装有高能激光武器的几十个卫星可以有效地防御洲际弹道导弹的袭击。 参议员沃罗普在这里对外交政策分析研究所讲话时说“部署三十六个第一代化学激光站的任何国家,可以允许或不让任何其他国家的导弹进入空间”。他补充说:“更少一些卫星（与三十六个相比）也就可能影响战略的平衡”。     

反辐射无人机及其对抗技术

针对反辐射无人机对防空作战的巨大威胁,详细阐述了反辐射无人机的发展及对抗反辐射无人机的技术方法.介绍了反辐射无人机的性能及发展装备状况,分析了它对现代防空作战的影响,通过对反辐射无人机作战的研究分析,指出了反辐射元人机的作战弱点,探讨了对抗反辐射无人机的战术技术等有效方法与手段.     

反辐射导弹对通信系统的威胁及其对抗技术研究

本文研究了反辐射导弹对通信系统的潜在威胁,并在研究反辐射导弹的工作原理以及雷达系统对抗反辐射导弹技术的基础上,提出了通信系统对抗反辐射导弹的一些措施。     

反辐射无人攻击机过载参数分析

基于反辐射无人攻击机导引头控制原理,在建立反辐射无人机末制导系统数学模型的基础上,根据反辐射无人机的作战环境和特点,分析了反辐射无人攻击机攻击弹道预定过载参数的影响,并依据反辐射无人攻击机的弹道运动方程进行了仿真运算,选取了最佳的攻击弹道.     

高超声速风洞热化学非平衡流场辐射谱的数值计算

以轴对称的热化学非平衡N -S方程为控制方程 ,采用双温度 11组元反应气体模型 ,数值求解高超声速热化学非平衡流场。在此基础上 ,采用“线—线”精细辐射模型计算流场的辐射谱特性 ,在 0 15～ 2 μm区间计算了40 0 0 0个光谱分布点处的辐射发射、吸收系数 ,得到了高焓风洞实验条件下的流场辐射光谱分布及该条件下主要辐射组元NO的辐射光谱分布。计算表明 ,振动温度对辐射有重要影响     

反辐射武器的技术特点及对抗措施

反辐射武器正在迅速发展,并以被广泛的应用于现代战争。与之相应,反辐射武器的对抗措施也正在被人们所重视。本文分析了反辐射武器的技术特点,然后研究了反辐射武器对抗措施。     

单机动诱饵诱偏反辐射导弹的命中概率分析

提出了在反辐射导弹告警系统提供反辐射导弹来袭信息的前提下,利用单个机动诱饵诱偏弦抗反辐射导弹的方案,通过理论分析和仿真试验确定了从雷达站工作换接到诱饵工作时反辐射导弹与雷达站的距离,分析了诱饵的工作频率、移动速度、移动距离、移动方向等参数。在考虑反辐射导弹航向综合误差的基础上,应用蒙特卡罗法仿真确定了反辐射导弹的命中概率。     

反辐射导弹对抗舰空导弹武器系统效能分析

研究现代海战中使用反辐射导弹对抗舰空导弹武器系统的作战效能,给出舰空导弹的最大可攻击数和平均攻击数,基于反辐射导弹攻击雷达的概率和反辐射导弹被舰空导弹击落的概率,得到不使用和使用反辐射导弹两种不同情况下反舰导弹损失差异,并通过分析此差异得到反辐射导弹设计要求.     

复杂对抗条件下反辐射无人机作战效能分析

在研究反辐射无人机对地攻击的各重要环节的基础上,建立了反辐射无人机作战效能评估模型,分析了火力对抗对反辐射无人机突防概率的影响,详细阐述了电子对抗的方式及作用原理,对实施电子对抗对反辐射无人机命中毁伤概率的影响进行了定量评估,得出了反辐射无人机的作战效能与火力和电子对抗的关系。算例分析表明,火力和电子对抗是降低反辐射无人机作战效能的重要因素,二者联合作用可使其作战效能迅速下降。     

某型机载空地反辐射导弹作战仿真与效能评估

针对某型机载空地反辐射导弹(ARM)作战特点,详细分析了反辐射导弹的作战过程,并对其作战过程进行了仿真建模,深入研究了反辐射导弹在单点源、两点源、三点源作用下的作战效能,最后通过蒙特卡洛方法仿真模拟了反辐射导弹作战的全过程,并对其作战效能进行了评估,得出了影响反辐射导弹作战效能的主要因素,为某型空地反辐射导弹的靶场训练提供了比较合理的依据。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.